The organisational behaviour of team work in oranisation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3281 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION The assignment brings out the discussion over the organisational behaviour in life experience of team work in organisation or in classroom activities. Organisational behaviour in a team work plays a vital role and it is the topic has been discussed for a very long time and now nearly everyone knows about its concepts. Simply the organisations wont perform but the one person or many people. When it comes to organisations there should be a team work and perform individuals cant perform whatever they want in an organization they have to form a team and perform individually as well as teams. So when forming a team, organizational behaviour influences toward its success. Organizational Behaviours is the key aspect to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst people in the organizations. Other attributes like leadership, motivation, decision making, openness to discuss problems, challenge-initiative is all in the base concept of Organizationa l behaviour to help the business achieve its strategic and in some business objectives. The proper definition of organizational behaviour with its understanding and management has resulted in development of few key offshoots to the concept of Organizational behaviours In my view a personality behaviour means how can we describe a person, how this person differences from the others behaviour, how we can measure the characteristics and differences. Psychometrics is also the most important related to the assessment and measurement of the personality, aptitude, intelligence. It is like the unique character of the individual and measure and understands the differences between the individuals. I think the term itself indicates the properties of behaviour which are both enduring and set the individual apart from others. These properties concern the individuals typical ways of coping with life. I am going to explain a few words about the group because it will explain the importance of individual in the group. The group may spend a lot of time on the each stage, but some groups never reaching the final stages because the personality and levels of dominance of each member may play a large part in the failure or success of the group and its ability to progress through the different stages, the time goes by changes occur, such as new members joining the group or old members leaving the group may re-enter the cycle and begin the development of the process all over again. In this assignment i am going to use the Leadership theory and Motivation Maslows theory. These theories are best suitable for my opinions or views that are raised in my experience and i like those theories a lot so the two theories are chosen. Let me start with those theories Leadership theory A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is one of the most hotly debated topics in managem ent studies, social psychology and organisational psychology (Pfeiffer 1993). Despite the depth and breadth of debate concerning leadership effectiveness, it remains an elusive construct. As a result, researchers and practitioners have not reached a consensus on a true and concise definition that represents an accurate depiction of effective leadership in all situations and possibilities. The leadership is one of the effective concepts and well defined as: Treat people with politeness, respect and dignity and in doing so create a strong role model for others to follow. Building a reputation of fairness gives you a buffer against the times when the policy is wrong or you behave badly Gratton (2000:206) According to Nathan F. Iannone, leadership can be defined as the art of influencing, directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and loyal cooperation in accomplishment of an objective. Leadership is abo ut the future and about how do I tap into the group orientation (into what everybody shares). According to Jago (1982) the quality and the qualified, good leaders are not born instead they are made with the influenza ion of the training and the self-assessment, developing skills by improvising others. The natural people ability is also evaluated as a measure of walk their talk. The fascination of the leadership is much higher in terms of the charismatic leader. The leadership based on this charismatic model is really being focused towards the vision and also the ability and the talents are naturally born and also termed as gift. The natural leader adapts the tapping of their inner resources and also natural leaders are more often generalist (Stonefield, 1992:3). The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the prelimi nary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions. Consider how you would describe the personality of a close friend. Chances are that you would list a number of traits, such as outgoing, kind and even-tempered. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits forms a perso nality that is unique to each individual. Trait theory is focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics. According to Offer Mann, Hanges and Day (2001) much of the discourse on the internal characteristics of leadership over recent years has focused on values and ethics. They argue that disillusionment and a lack of confidence in political leadership have been generated by the particular values that political leaders use to motivate their actions. As a result, Offermann, Hanges and Day (2001) claim that the world is more aware of the importance that values play in leadership effectiveness and success. In addition, it has been shown that particular types of leaders attract different followers depending on their value types (Ehrhart Klein 2001). McShane (2001) argues that in order to motivate, influence, be liked and respected, a leaders values need to align themselves with those of their employees and to reflect integrity, honesty, compassion a nd assertiveness. The contingency leadership is one of the effective leadership techniques and also has an ability to act as a vital tool in establishing the focus on variables in an environment in order to determine the situations which really opt for our behaviour in any kind of situation. The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). My definition of Leadership is being able to: inspire others, motivate, set a vision, communicate, respect others, and lead by example. A leader must have an honest understanding of who the y are, what they know, and what they are capable of. To be successful person you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors. In my opinion this can build confidence in your followers in their faith in you to be able to lead. Followers Different person require different styles of leadership. For example, a company I was working requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than anyone with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another person; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receive. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationsh ip between you and your employees. Situation Situations are different from all time. Leader is an individual who can use different leadership styles based on the situations .decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behaviour, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leaders action than his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership. Every organisation is subdivided into two different categories such as formal and informal. The organisation when seen as external spectator i t appears to be formal with its will defined mission statement, policies and procedure and organisation structure charts, but this is just the tip of the great iceberg floating underneath in the form of informal organisation which a manger has to face. This informal organisation includes informal leaders which have no formal authority given by organisation but they have their influence on many employees, to maintain good relation with such informal leaders as sometimes they can help in getting things done. Internally organisation is subdivided into many groups based on their nature of job, their ethnicity, their culture, their language having their own norms and sentiments managers need to identify such groups and make consistent effort to maintain peace in groups by serving the role of mediator, for smooth running of organisation. Organisation consist of another route of power which can be said as counter organisation, that can be seen in the form of labour unions which are formed to keep check on organisation and make sure that profit hungry organisation dont exploit them. Such counter organisations are needed to be handled with great care. It can be said informal organisations are formed by the people of organisation to satisfaction of their cultural needs and a sense of personal identity and personal belonging. It also provides means to highlight deficiencies in the formal organisation such as excess time taken to complete a task. MASLOW THOERY OF MOTIVATION Motivation is a fundamental driving force behind people behaviour and performance. When the research was done to explain different aspects of motivation from an organisational behavioural perspective many theories or models used to describe the topic of motivation basically it is described as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal. It is very important to know about different types of motivation theories and their implementation in a group or organisation. These motivati on theories specify the kinds of needs people has and condition in which they would want to exemplify these needs. Motivation can be internal or external. Example of external motivation is Deadlines. The fear of losing a contract or of not finishing a job on time you started is an example of internal motivation. Both internal and external motivation can be equally powerful. Why i am using this Maslows theory to reflect on my behaviour in group situations. This theory comes under content theories of motivation. There is significant relationship between behaviour and motivation particularly between group and individuals. Motivations of group have a serious impact on individual behaviour likewise the motivation of an individual can have serious impact on group. Abraham Maslow theory was proposed by Dr. Abraham Maslow in 1943, this theory is general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates m any motivational concepts. According to Maslow individual needs are set in a hierarchy, and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed, as a pyramid beginning with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. These basic needs must be satisfy well before an individual can become concern with the higher needs like physiological needs, safety needs, security needs, social needs, law and affection, esteem needs. These needs must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these craving, people are moving toward growth, self-actualization, satisfying needs is healthy, which preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. Gareth Morgan suggests that employees are people with complex needs that must be satisfied if they are to lead perform effectively in a work place. Employees perform best when they are motivated by task, which will earn them some reward that satisfies their personal needs. Abraham Maslows theory of motivation most widely famous as hierarchy of needs states that human needs when arranged in form of hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest, as soon as need at lower level gets completed, the need at next level servers to be a motivator. Maslow divided human needs into five main categories such as physiological which include basic needs for sustaining life like food, water, shelter and sleep. According to Abraham Maslow there are five different levels in hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing Needs Self-actualizing Needs is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of need. People are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Esteem Needs Esteem needs include the things that reflect on self- esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Social Needs Social needs include belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, love, romantic attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. Security Needs Security needs include safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhoods and shelter from the environment. Physiological Needs A physiological need is low needs. These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all nee ds become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Maslow was correct when he said that one need has to be fulfilled before we can move to the next one. Without sufficient amount sleep I wouldnt be able to think of nothing but sleep. Also if I am hungry food will be the only thing on my mind. But because each day I satisfy these basic needs I am able to think about other things because these needs are no longer controlling my thoughts. Next priority is given to security which includes freedom from physical danger and other fears like losing job, property, food, or shelter. Since people are social animals they need to belong, to be accepted by others, hence acceptance third in the list of needs. Once people satisfy their need to belong esteem needs emerge in the form of satisfactions as power, prestige, status and self-esteem and at last when all the other needs are satisfied need for self-actualization which is the desire to maximize ones potential and achieve someth ing. Applying this theory many organisations where suggested to motivate their employees by monetary gains or assuring security of their job. , Koontz, H, Weihrich (2008), Morgan (2006). There was a research conducted by Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nongame which studied needs of hierarchy involving a group of managers over a time span of five years. They found that there was no strong evidence of hierarchy, as managers get promoted in organisation their physiological needs tend to decrease, while on other hand needs for self-actualization tend to increase H, Koontz , H, Weihrich(2008). Upcoming flaws of Maslows theory the process theory of motivation stated, with the study of ones decision making process and determining how individual behaviour is energised, directed and maintained. The major process theory of motivation includes expectancy theory, equity theory, goal setting theory and reinforcement theory. In my classroom activities I am relating this theorys to my classroom a ctivities in a group. When considered my experience in a group situation once while doing a group presentation in collage we all are five people. We had a 20 days time to presentation and from first day we all thought to meet at my place but no one turn up this happened many time every one say some other reason. It happened for all 19 day only 1 day left to submit the presentation than I thought to divide the task to my group members. Each one is assign a separate task and the task should complete before the particular schedule time. With this I emerge as leader that made me influenza ion as Leadership. Not only Leadership but also motivation In order to sleep tonight I have to complete my task of presentation before sleep. I need to satisfy my physiological need that is to sleep in time. I should complete the presentation before night CONCLUSION According to the trait theory the question arises of weather a leader is born or developed. There is no defined answer as many theor ists have different answers to this. Understanding the concepts from above of motivation its rewards systems as to how useful it is for a leader to understand how it can be utilized in getting work done from people, decision making and its importance in growing more efficient, managing change and adapting quickly to it, understanding human perceptions and how they affect management, understanding the value of power in an organization without which a leader is nothing, politics and control and the other factors finally lead towards the understanding that leaders are developed. Many individuals may be born with the skill to be a leader this does not prove that he grows up to be an effective leader. However he can develop the ability to become one. Experience and the urge to learn can help one become an efficient leader. According to my understanding a person might be born with natural abilities to become a leader. This assignment is very useful to assess my past behaviour to the pr esent behaviour and ways to develop the behaviour and to assess the performance by using these theories in a group. These are the two oldest theories what I used because older principles are the basic for anything i.e. the applications should follows the basic principle. Only few people are reached the self-actualization concept in the Leadership theory and Maslows theory. I am very much willing to taste that step. So I am going to putting my effort in this way and also looking the ways to develop. In my opinion if the group activities are conducted from the child hood they will be a very useful to the individual to improve their personality, behaviour and from that the concept of Leadership and motivation skills will also improve for the betterment of the future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The organisational behaviour of team work in oranisation" essay for you Create order

Escape from Reality in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee...

Escape from Reality in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams The Characters Escape From Reality in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams centers around a dream of escape. Although everyone wants to escape from a different reality, they all feel that need to get away. The father is the most successful in his escape because he never has to deal with anything at home. He actually leaves and doesnt look back. As for the other four: Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim, they seem to be stuck throughout the play. Jim seems to be the only one with a real chance at breaking away from his reality. When Tom breaks free, his memory brings him back to that place. Each person escapes their reality in some way and is somewhat†¦show more content†¦Every time Tom sees #8230;a piece of transparent glass#8230; (1310), or hears #8230;a familiar bit of music (1310) he is reminded of Laura. So in the end, Tom isnt successful at escaping his realities. It is in the actual escape that he fails the most because he cant forget Laura. Amanda and Laura are the most pitiful characters in the play. Their methods of escape consist of what goes on inside their heads. Laura escapes through her menagerie. [Lauras] glass collection takes up a good deal of [her] time (1303). Laura is so engrossed with taking care of her glass collection that she forgets to live her life. Laura also hides behind her disability. She even admits that the brace on her leg #8230;sort of --stood between [her]-[and making friends] (1301). Laura never tries to do anything but live in a reality where she is afraid of everything. Amanda however isnt afraid of anything except not being taken care of. Amanda also lives in a make-believe reality. In Amandas mind she is still a girl receiving gentlemen callers (1270). Even when Laura is to receive a caller, Amanda gets more dressed up than Laura. Amanda even refuses to acknowledge that Laura is #8230;crippled (1275). She illustrates this point by saying #8230;youre not crippled, you just have a little defect-har dly noticeable, even! (1275). In Amandas world men are still nice and polite, unlike her son Tom. There are noShow MoreRelatedIllusion Vs. Reality In The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1022 Words   |  5 PagesIllusion versus reality is a theme that illustrates the conflict people have when they have difficulties in their lives. They want to deny or ignore the difficulty, so they force themselves to think in a different way and believe something that is not true, thus, making an imaginary world for themselves. They have a desire to live in a different world and fool themselves to thinking that they are, but in reality, they are not. 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Hitlers Speech free essay sample

I dont agree with what his speech is about but I do agree on his tactics. He is a very persuasive man to his people that follow behind him. I think its pretty cool and smart to practice and memorize his speeches the way he does. His eye contact was good and his tone of voice work perfect in my eyes. Im not to sure of why the beginning of his speech is so different from the end. I enjoyed the end more because to me it felt like it had way more power.The rowed was screaming so loud at the end you can Just feel all that energy he puts in the air, his speech , and their minds. His confidence is a big aspect on his speech. He talks like a leader, stands like a leader, and speaks like one too. I think his tactics of being persuasive are very cleaver. We will write a custom essay sample on Hitlers Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like when he spoke about his soldiers dying but every man lost Is a man gain and it will symbolize eternal. Thats very cleaver for him but stupidity for his audience. Hitters delivery was DOD and his structure also.When you see his speech you Just know he is a man of great power by his tone, posture, and the effectiveness of his audience the Germans. I think its smart that Hitler practices his hand Jesters before his speech because body movement and posture can be Judge on If not done right and he needs to keep his audience alert and listening the whole time. Plus hand Jesters give words more meaning . Hitler Is a very bad man but also a smart one you have to give It to him.

Prosocial Interaction Differences Essays - Social Psychology

Prosocial Interaction Differences Prosocial Interaction Differences Between Single Gender Groups and Coed Groups I first became interested in personal interactions in high school. As the group psychologist for my circle of friends, I was exposed to many different type of people and how those people dealt with situations. Also, I was fascinated by why some people(like myself) feel compelled to do nice things for other people like picking up a dropped pencil to bringing an ill person hot soup. I noticed that the same guys were always asking me the same questions. Usually the questions revolved around girls, such as how to get them, what to do once you got them, and how to keep them. It mesmerized me that these guys were completely uninformed about women while many of my other friends were having no trouble in the same area. Over time I saw that the guys that were asking all the questions had not had much interaction with the opposite sex except during school. I wondered if there was some correlation, and so I am proposing this study. My first article involving prosocial behavior was done in Norway by Moncrieff Cochran and Inge Bo. Their focus was to evaluate the influences of parents, peers, and other network members on the pro- and antisocial behavior of antisocial behavior of antisocial boys. The Stavanger study was set in the city of Stavanger for several reasons. A recent population spurt has triggered an increase in the amount of negative youth behaviors, and so it seemed to be a prime opportunity. The two junior high schools used in the study were selected because they contained a exemplary mix of lower middle-, middle-, and upper middle-class families. Cochran and Bo found that . . .time spent by parents with their boys as central to maintaining low levels of antisocial behavior. They also saw that the neighborhood environment that the boys resided in was at least as powerful a predictor of antisocial behavior. My Hypothesis is that if adolescents participate in coed extracurricular activities, then they will be more likely to show prosocial behavior to both genders. I then propose the following correlational study to test my hypothesis. The population of interest is male and female adolescents, age 12 to 17. The selection process of the subjects would be to pick several single gender groups in a specific area, such as Private schools and Boy Scouts Troops. Next would be to select some coed groups in the same area such as bible study groups and school clubs like biology club and drama club. The independent variable in my study is whether or not the subject participates in coed or single gender extracurricular activities. This variable would be operationalized by In this study the dependent variable is amount of prosocial behavior exhibited by the subject. It would be operationalized by With the permission of the adult leaders of the groups, the adolescents involved, and their parents we would proceed by observing the groups at their respective meetings. After observing how There is some evidence for closer relationships between same-sex as opposed to opposite sex siblings Psychology

psych final paper

psych final paper psych final paper- schizophrenia Schizophrenia Alyssa Storey Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Schizophrenia is one of the most widely known psychological disorders. Because it is so well-known, it is surrounded by many stereotypes. The amount of people that understand schizophrenia is much smaller than the amount that thinks they do. Schizophrenia consists of three groups of symptoms. There are three main perspectives with theories on this disorder, and two main treatments options. There were a few minor changes in the DSM-V regarding schizophrenia, and there have been a few recent experiments involving it. When discussing schizophrenia and its symptoms, one will focus on three kinds of symptoms. These symptoms are positive, negative, and psychomotor. Positive symptoms are symptoms that are added to a person’s average behavior. These symptoms are abnormal and affect the person’s daily functioning. The most frequent positive symptoms of schizophrenia are disorganize thinking and speech, inappropriate affect, delusions, and heightened perceptions and hallucination s (Comer 2014). Many people suffering from schizophrenia have difficulty conversing with the people around them, and often cannot convey what they are thinking. They are very frequently confused by their thoughts and surroundings, but their confusion does not make sense to people without this abnormality. People with schizophrenia are unable to attain rational thoughts, which causes them to communicate in ways that are hard for the people around them to understand. They will usually derail during their conversations. Instead of sticking to the subject of the conversation, they will quickly change in between random subjects that have no connection with the original conversation (Comer 2014). While the other person in the conversation becomes confused, the person suffering from schizophrenia will believe that they are making perfect sense and carrying on a typical conversation. Others may use words that they have created in their head, called neologisms. Neologisms appear to be normal words to the person with schizophrenia, but the person they are speaking to not only have no idea what they are saying, but has also never heard the word (Comer 2014). Another positive symptom of schizophrenia is delusion. Delusions vary depending on each case of schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia may develop delusions of reference, delusions of perseverance, delusions of control, delusions of grandeur, or more than one of these delusions. Each kind of delusion creates different problems for them, and affect their lives in different ways. Delusions of reference occur when a person gives random objects or people a new and unusual meaning. Delusions of perception, which are the most common type of delusion among people with schizophrenia, occur when people believe they are being watched by someone or something with no relevance is out to get them. This is the type of delusion that is most stereotypical and often portrayed in movies. A type of delusion that is somewhat similar to delusions of perception is delusions of control. When a person is convinced that their lives, including their thoughts and actions, are being controlled by another person, they are experiencing delusions of control (Comer 2014) The final form of delusions is delusions of grandeur which is when someone believes that they are a kind of person they are not, such as a savior of a specific people, a genius, or possibly a profound philosopher. While the people experiencing any of these delusions fully believes that they are true, they are actually only in this person’s head. Unfortunately, a person with schizophrenic delusions will not be able to be convinced that they are not seeing reality. Hallucinations are another positive symptom that often occur when dealing with schizophrenia. The most common type of hallucinations for people with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations, which cause the person to hear sounds or

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the conflict began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.   As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. The War Begins Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Armies Commanders: England Edward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 men France Philip VI20,000-80,000 men Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.

Essay on Chapter 3 of Gender Trouble (Judith Butler, 1999)

On Chapter 3 of Gender Trouble (Judith Butler, 1999) - Essay Example n’s interiority most of the times is also referred to as a psychological core that justifies and analyses the outside or surface affairs of the body (Butler, 1999:90-110). Therefore, with such proposition, the gender or the sexual characteristic of a person tends to be derivative. One person may think of one thing, yet it does not constitute his final thoughts. What a person may act is not what he truly thinks. Gender is not truly a mere physical characterization of a person. Butler further proposes that there are performative actions that generalize and conclude the whole idea of gender and sexuality. Gender is a performance of what is continuously thought and observed. Others may refer to this as the idea or performativity. Furthermore, whether it is heterosexuality or homosexuality, both are the results of impersonation towards what the outer influence is implying to the inner space (Salih, 2002:55-61; Butler, 1999:130-40; Bell, 1999:85-90). Drag, referring to the ideas of Butler, is the simplest form of sexual mimicry as to what society might dictate. Though the outside body may reflect those of a male being, the mind is set and made believe the person is of the female specie. This compliments the idea of repetition that the author also has spoken of. When acts are continuously or repeatedly done, a person will get accustomed to performing actions that are learned through the influence of the environment and/or the society. The term drag does not only pertain to those of the male specie having a female interiority but also of those of the female specie having a male interiority. Repetition not just in actions but also in thoughts will further justify the mind that what the outer may appear to be is not what the inner feels. Therefore, such conflict within the inner and the outer self of a person results in what is known as drag (Butler, 1999:134-41). Elaborating more on gender, Butler emphasises that gender is a repeated performance, practically a ritual.

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private Essay

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private clinical laboratory setting - Essay Example The developments of science and technology have contributed to making many of these simpler that they no longer come under the federal oversight requirements. This puts the onus of ensuring that these tests ensure patient care and safety on the private clinical laboratories. (Howerton, D., Anderson, N., Bosse, D., Granade, S.,and Westbrook, G., 2006) The role of the private clinical laboratories is not restricted to simple tests, but as technology evolves so does their role in their contribution to more challenging laboratory testing like drug resistance testing in the management of HIV AIDS. (Wilson, W.J., 2003). To fulfill their role in patient care and patient safety private clinical laboratories need to be reliable associates of the physicians and yet there are areas in which the clinical laboratories are found to be deficient. These deficiencies include failure to provide useful information to help interpret a test result, standardization of reference ranges and units of measurement, laboratory policies that interfere with patient care, and performance of the wrong test. (Butterly, R.J., 2006). Errors do occur in laboratory tests and patient safety is impacted by the frequency and the seriousness with which these errors happen in private clinical laboratories. (Howanitz, P.J., 2005). In addition to errors another aspect that is found to be deficient in clinical laboratories that lead act as an impediment to the optimal delivery of healthcare to patients is the poor core laboratory performance that lead to delay in the laboratories providing the test results and as a result lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. (Holland, L.L., Smith, L.L., and Blick, K.E., 2005). There are deficiencies in the manner in which private clinical laboratories perform their role in patient care and patient safety. However, the issues that need to be taken into consideration is whether they are

The Fire Inside Me Essay Example for Free

The Fire Inside Me Essay A spark has been lit inside of me. It has become attached to my body, creating a fire that will soon consume me. There are things I do want out of life for myself, and this fire is there for that reason. The fire forces me to achieve all of my goals. The fire started as all fires start—the tiniest spark. I could tell from the â€Å"pinch-like† pain that the spark landed right above my smaller intestine, right in the â€Å"pit of my stomach. † With each goal I set for myself, the fire grows stronger, hotter, and brighter than ever before. I want to go to college, and with that thought to myself, I can feel the fire grow inside of me. The faint smell of smoke that would make one reminisce a childhood campfire appears in my nostrils. My skin grows slightly warmer, and my once cool, wet, clammy palms have suddenly become cool and dry. I want to be valedictorian, and in less than a minute, I can feel the tiny fire grow larger, enveloping my stomach, liver, gall bladder, and spleen. The fire has grown to the size where one could see an array of colors: orange, red, yellow, and the faintest blue-tinge located in the center of the fire. I want to win states for soccer; immediately the fire increases in size yet again, this time consuming my lungs, muscles, and bones; it takes control of my intestines, esophagus and kidneys. With every exhale I put forth, I feel dark black smoke rise through my trachea and slowly drip out of my nostrils, leaving only the smell of smoke, and the sight of black vapor wisping in front of my eyes. My eyes that were once blue have slowly began to turn red, as if to show others of the fire that consumes me—the fire that drives me. The flame’s tendrils whip around my heart and brain, close enough to cook my two-most-vital organs. With every piece of food I eat, the taste of charcoal rises to my lips and tongue, giving me no more enjoyment in either eating or drinking. I have become permanently dehydrated because everything I drink soon turns to vapor due to the heat. No longer am I cold, or even warm, but am now hot to the touch. I will be successful, and with this goal, the fire completely envelops me. The heat in my body could raise the temperature of the Arctic Circle by a few degrees. I can now hear the sound of my organs sizzling, crackling, and popping in the intense heat. The fire is now displayed in brilliant shades of blue, light and dark, purple, a vibrant yellow, a spectacular red, and a bright orange. The sight of my fire would be enough to put to shame any sunrise or sunset. With every breath I take, the air is immediately lost, used instead to fuel the fire. The fire that now consumes me has become a part of me. It lives inside me and forces my thoughts to be centered. The fire no longer causes pain for me, as I have come to accept my fire, my passion and drive. Soon, with me slowly accomplishing my goals one by one, it still pushes me onward. It makes it so that I can push past any obstacle in front of me. The fire allows me to see that I will be successful and that I will achieve all my life’s goals. I sometimes cannot help wondering if Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, or any other great history-maker had a fire of their own much like this. I understand that the fire will one day diminish. It will once again lose control over my body, leaving behind only black colored organs, the minor smell of smoke, and the slight taste of charcoal. Soon, the fire will become only a spark once again leaving the remainder of my fire to dissipate in the last smoke vapor to leave my burnt nostrils. But for now, the fire still fuels me. For now, if one would look closely enough, past the burnt hair, the blackened organs, and the pulsating red eyes, they would still be able to see that tiny spark.

the awakening :: essays research papers

Music Throughout The Awakening, the manner in which each of the characters uses and understands music gives us a sense of Edna’s ideological alignment in relation to the novel’s other characters. Additionally, Edna’s exploration of music and her meditations upon its significance enable her own (visual) art to flourish. Edna first learns about the emotive power of music from Mademoiselle Reisz. Whereas Adà ¨le Ratignolle’s piano playing had merely conjured sentimental pictures for Edna, the older woman’s playing stirs new feelings and probes unexplored emotional territories in her. Mademoiselle Reisz uses music as a form of artistic expression, not merely as a way of entertaining others. In contrast to Mademoiselle Reisz, the Farival twins play the piano purely for the sake of the gathered company. The twins’ association with the Virgin Mary, and, hence, with a destiny of chaste motherliness, links them thematically with notions of how Victorian wo men should behave. Their piano playing—entertaining but not provocative, pleasant but not challenging—similarly serves as the model for how women should use art. It becomes clear that, for a Victorian woman, the use of art as a form of self-exploration and self-articulation constitutes a rebellion. Correspondingly, Mademoiselle Reisz’s use of music situates her as a nonconformist and a sympathetic confidante for Edna’s awakening. The difference Edna detects between the piano-playing of Mademoiselle Reisz and Adà ¨le Ratignolle seems also to testify to Edna’s emotional growth. She reaches a point in her awakening in which she is able to hear what a piece of music says to her, rather than idly inventing random pictures to accompany the sounds. Thus, music, or Edna’s changing reactions to it, also serves to help the reader locate Edna in her development. Children Images of children, and verbal allusions to them, occur throughout the novel. Edna herself is often metaphorically related to a child. In her awakening, she is undergoing a form of rebirth as she discovers the world from a fresh, childlike, perspective. Yet Edna’s childishness has a less admirable side. Edna becomes self-absorbed, she disregards others, and she fails to think realistically about the future or to meditate on her the consequences of her actions. Ultimately, Edna’s thoughts of her children inspire her to commit suicide, because she realizes that no matter how little she depends on others, her children’s lives will always be affected by society’s opinion of her. Moreover, her children represent an obligation that, unlike Edna’s obligation to her husband, is irrevocable.

Report on “Rahimafrooz”

PART: ONE 1. 1 Introduction The word ‘environment’ does not merely refer to the natural or ecological environment, although that may be important considerations for many organizations. Instead, it is a generic concept, which embraces the totality of external environment forces, which may influence any aspect of organizational activity. Similarly, the word ‘business’ is used to imply any type of organization, whether it is a commercial profit-making enterprise, a government agency or a non-profit-making charitable trust. 1. 2 Background: The report-conducted rahimafrooz limited. This company all ready establish in the market. Rohimafrooz first lance their product in 1954. We are preparing this report environment impact (specially ecological impact) analysis the rahimafrooz limited. We are visit rahimafrooz sales center and collect much information. In this paper â€Å"Impact of Environmental Forces in Industry special focus on Ecology† every possible attempt has been made to collect necessary information to show the conditions of the product. 1. 3 Significance of the report: To justify the how situation ecological environment impact the rahimafrooz Ltd. in Bangladesh. 1. 4 Scope of the report: The area of study is confined to rahimafrooz Ltd. n Bangladesh. The job is to review the overall company ecological impact. This report has been prepared through extensive discussion with group member & seller of the company. ?An overview of IPS & battery industry in Bangladesh. ?An overview of rahimafrooz limited in Bd ?Marketing performance of rahimafrooz limited. 1. 5 Objectives: 1. 5. 1 Broad Objective: O ur objective is to identify Environmental Forces on Rahimafrooz Ltd. especially ecological impact on their production process as well as overall industry. 1. 5. 2 Specific Objective: ?To identify the ecologial condition of Rahimafrooz Batteries & IPS Ltd. In Bangladesh. To identify the major obstacle to the way of prosper of the company. ?To find out the objectives of the Rahimafrooz Ltd. ?To identify the economic & marketing condition. 1. 6 Methodology: Methodology following to perform a job or conducting activities to complete a task is called methodology. 1. 6. 1 Type of research: This is an Descript & experimental research which briefly reveals and analyzes the especially ecological impact of Rohimafrooz Ltd. 1. 6. 2 Sources of data 1. 6. 2. 1 Primary: Rohamaforooze dealer, marketing department, & customer, seller etc. 1. 6. 2. 2 Secondary: Newspaper, article, library sturdy, & report. . 6. 3 Data collection procedure: 1. 6. 3. 1 Secondary: †¢Published documents and reports †¢Annual reports of the Rahimafrooz . †¢Relevant websites (www. rahimafrooz bangladesh limited. com) 1. 6. 3. 2 Primary: Interview and discussion with the officials and clients 1. 6. 4 Questionnaire: A logical questionnaire is used in the market research. Both close ended and open-ended questions are used in the questionnaire. 1. 6. 5 Sampling plan: ?Sample unit: The sample unit of the survey is an individual user of IPS & battery in BD. ?Population: All the user of IPS & battery product in mirpur aria. Sample frame: No well structured sample frame is found. ?Sampling procedure: Non-probability convenience sampling procedure is used in the survey. ?Sampie size: The sample size is 100 people NoAreaNumber 01Mirpur- 11 number50 02Mirpur- 10 number30 03Mirpur- 01 number20 1. 6. 6 Data analysis and reporting: We have used different computer software to analyzes this reports. Such as Microsoft word, Microsoft excel etc. 1. 7 Limitations: ?Lack of time ?Lack of knowledge ?Lack o f sufficient financial assistance. ?Lack of proper book, journals & article etc. ?Lack of valuable data & information. Lack of perfect co-operation. PART: TWO Theoretical Aspects ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES A Classification of Environmental forces: 1. LE. PESTC analysis. 2. â€Å"Dartboard† model. 3. Peace & Robinson theory. There have been numerous attempts to model the business environment either in its totality or in its specific elements. Perhaps the most popular of the former category is PEST analysis. The simple acronym PEST (standing for Political, Economic, Social, Technological) serves well as an aide memoir when considering the array of environmental forces influencing business activity. It encompasses most areas of concern these field. PEST analysis enables to assemble a logical and comprehensive picture of their environment. However it is the interrelationship between the apparently different factor, which adds not only complexity, and uncertainty to the analysis but also richness greater accuracy Figure: LE PEST C Analysis Economical †¢GDP per capita †¢economic growth †¢unemployment rate †¢inflation rate †¢consumer and investor confidence †¢inventory levels †¢currency exchange rates †¢merchandise trade balance †¢financial and political health of trading partners †¢balance of payments †¢future trends Political †¢political climate – amount of government activity political stability and risk †¢government debt †¢budget deficit or surplus †¢corporate and personal tax rates †¢payroll taxes †¢import tariffs and quotas †¢export restrictions †¢restrictions on international financial flows Legal †¢minimum wage laws â € ¢environmental protection laws †¢worker safety laws †¢union laws †¢copyright and patent laws †¢anti- monopoly laws †¢Sunday closing laws †¢municipal licences †¢laws that favour business investment Technological †¢efficiency of infrastructure, including: roads, ports, airports, rolling stock, hospitals, education, healthcare, communication, etc. †¢industrial productivity †¢new manufacturing processes new products and services of competitors †¢new products and services of supply chain partners †¢any new technology that could impact the company †¢cost and accessibility of electrical power Ecological †¢ecological concerns that affect the firms production processes †¢ecological concerns that affect customers' buying habits †¢ecological concerns that affect customers' perception of the company or product Social †¢demographic factors such as: opopulation size and distribution oage distribution oeducati on levels oincome levels oethnic origins oreligious affiliations †¢attitudes towards: omaterialism, capitalism, free enterprise individualism, role of family, role of government, collectivism orole of church and religion oconsumerism oenvironmentalism oimportance of work, pride of accomplishment †¢cultural structures including: odiet and nutrition ohousing conditions Competitive †¢Labor supply oquantity of labor available oquality of labor available ostability of labor supply owage expectations oemployee turn-over rate ostrikes and labor relations oeducational facilities †¢Material suppliers oquality, quantity, price, and stability of material inputs odelivery delays oproximity of bulky or heavy material inputs olevel of competition among suppliers International Economy Technology sector International Context Context Government Industry ORGANIZATION raw material Market sectors Social cultural Human resources Sector Sector International Finance Sector sector Figure: Dartboard model The dartboard configuration gives the organization of place in the centre while radiating from are 8 categories environmental concern. Technology Sector Both the types and the level of technology in the society give insight into understanding an institution. Institutions dealing with Western paradigms are dependent on the state of national infrastructure, e. g. power, water, transport; those which concentrate on indigenous research paradigms may have totally different dependencies. Thus, it is important to understand the level of relevant technology in the institutional context and whether such technology is defined by computer literacy or by highly developed indigenous methods of verbal and nonverbal communication. It might also be helpful for an assessment to include a consideration of the process by which new technology comes into use, both to understand how difficult it is to acquire needed research technologies and to develop an appreciation for the society's willingness to embrace both new knowledge and change. Government Sector At a general level, IDRC needs to understand the relationship between governmental strategy or development plans and the institution. Several specific dimensions of the political context should be scrutinized: †¢The extent to which government and its bureaucracy supports and contributes resources to the institution: It is imperative that IDRC and other funding agencies know whether significant governmental inputs are anticipated to support increased staffing, maintenance, or other recurring costs typical in research projects. The political context usually entails resource trade-off decisions at the government level. The extent to which the political system is stable or poised to undergo significant change: This factor is vital; the foreign policy context and its effect on IDRC should also be considered. †¢Whether the political context of the institution directly involves the legal context: Some institutions require specific legal status to operate, to receive external fundi ng, and to import equipment in support of research. Economic Sector In the economic environment, the organizational analysis should centre on those aspects of the economic system that directly impact the type of project being considered. For example, inflation, labour laws, and opportunity costs for researchers in public institutions directly impact organizational activities. Clearly, a country under a structural adjustment regime or one that is expecting to undergo restructuring presents an investment context that IDRC needs to understand. Countries with foreign currency restrictions represent different environments for institutions than countries without them, for such restrictions have ramifications for research, e. g. or equipment procurement and maintenance. It is important for IDRC to know how the organization the Centre is supporting is affected by these and other economic forces. Social and Cultural Sector Social and cultural forces at local, national, and often regional levels have profound influence on the way organizations conduct their work and on what they value in terms of outcomes and effects. For example, the mores of an indigenous culture have a bearing on the work ethic and on the way in which peopl e relate to one another. Undoubtedly, the most profound cultural dimension is language. The extent to which organizational members can participate in the discourse of the major scientific language will determine the extent to which research efforts focus inwardly or contribute to regional and global research agendas. Understanding the national/regional/local values toward learning and research provides insight into the type and nature of research that is valued. For example, what is the relative priority placed on contract research in partnership with local clients, e. g. esting products and procedures with indigenous populations, as opposed to sharing information with academic peers internationally, or generating biostatistical data that will shape national or regional policy? Arriving at these priorities involves culture-based decisions. Human Resources Sector The human resources (HR) of an organization consist of all staff (research, teaching, managerial, and technical/support staff) engaged in any of the organization's activities. It is well-recognized that the human resources of any organization are its most valuable asset. This is particularly true in research centres, where the people required to do the core work of the organization are highly trained individuals. IDRC has long been committed to supporting the continuing professional development of researchers in the Centre's partner institutions. The HR management function is charged with planning and controlling this resource to make sure that peoples' needs are met. This is not merely an altruistic function, for it is highly likely that staff who are reasonably comfortable with working conditions and stimulated by the environment will be productive. Managing human resources requires forecasting the demand and supply of staff needed to carry out the activities of the organization. HR management also entails keeping records of human resources so as to permit the creation of a more equitable employment system. They separate firms external environment into three categories. Remote Environment: All of the environment element with out ‘industry & operating environment’ Such as global & domestic political, social, and technological concerns. Industry Environments: those manse competitive forces. Such as Singer , Novana, TCL etc. Operating environment: Which omprises a rather mixed group of actors including suppliers and customers. PART: THREE Analysis and Findings STUDY on â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† 3. 1 Organization Overview Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd. is a Private entrepreneur and leading battery manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It manufactures and markets several types of batteries both in the local and international market. Due to the proven quality and wide range of product, the company has been trusted worldwide. The Company, for more than 15 years, has been working in designing, marketing, supplying and installation of solar products for various types of uses e. . Household lighting, Community lighting, off-grid market electrification, Railway signaling, remote area communication etc. Till date, Rahimafrooz has installed more than 4187 SHS (50 Wp equivalent) in different parts of the country with installed capacity of 209 kWp. RBL is the largest lead-acid battery manufacturer in Bangladesh and offers an extensive range of automotive & specialized industrial battery. It manufactures over 300 different types of automotive and industrial batteries. Its plant is ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified. It is one of the key players in South Asia in its field. Nearly 70% of households in Bangladesh are not connected to the electricity grid and so depend on kerosene for lighting. This includes most rural areas, and also the fringes of Dhaka. There are plans to extend the grid, but there is little prospect of substantial change in the near future. The REREDP, which is funded by the World Bank and GEF and managed by the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), initially aimed to provide 50,000 systems by the end of 2007, but this has already been increased to 200,000 systems because of the success of the programme, and may be further ncreased. IDCOL provides Participating Organizations (POs) in the programme with subsidies and concessional loans to purchase PV systems in bulk, and the partners can then provide credit to rural households to buy systems. PV electricity can have a huge impact on people's lives, providing power for lighting, phone charging, education and entertainment. One reason for the success of the project is the l ocal availability of components from the manufacturing and development work of Rahimafrooz. The company has applied its considerable expertise in battery manufacture to the production of batteries specifically for PV systems, as wellas diversifying into the design of charge controllers and fluorescent lamps for local manufacture. Rahimafrooz has also supplied 25,000 complete SHSs, mostly for IDCOL POs under the REREDP, and has provided training and technical support for these POs. Outside the REREDP, Rahimafrooz has installed 448 kWp of other PV systems. The first prize Ashden Award to Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd recognises the key contribution which it has made to the enormously successful programme of solar home systems in Bangladesh, through local manufacture of reliable equipment and components. Company Profile Basic Information Company Name:Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd Business Type:Manufacturer, Trading Company, Agent Product/Service (We Sell):Lead Acid Battery, Tyre, Voltage Stabiliser, UPS, Inverter , IPS Product/Service (We Buy):Voltage Stabiliser, UPS, Inverter Address:Globe Chamber, 104 Motizheel C / A Brands:Rahimafrooz Number of Employees:Above 1000 People Company Website URL:http://rahimafrooz. com/ Ownership & Capital Year Established:1946 Registered Capital:Above US$100 Million Ownership Type:Corporation/Limited Liability Company Legal Representative/Business Owner:Limited company 3. 2 Trade & Market Main Markets:Africa Mid East Eastern Asia Main Customers: Domestic Market, Middle east, India, etc Total Annual Sales Volume:Above US$100 Million Export Percentage:21% – 30% Total Annual Purchase Volume:US$50 Million – US$100 Million Factory Information Factory Size:Above 100,000 square meters Factory Location:Dhaka, Pabna & EPZ QA/QC:In House No. of Production Lines:Above 10 No. of R Staff:11 – 20 People No. of QC Staff:31 – 40 People Management Certification:HACCP ISO 9000/9001/9004/19011: 2000 QS-9000 ISO 14000/14001 Contract Manufacturing:OEM Service Offered Design Service Offered Quality Policy We as a team are totally committed to customer delight through intelligent effort and continuous improvement. Vision 2010 To be one of the top two storage power companies in SAARC by the year 2010. Core Values Integrity in all our dealings The Rahimafrooz team never compromises on ethical business practices. We set high standards of ethics and moral virtue for ourselves. Our commitment to integrity shall never be compromised for the sake of business goals or anything. We firmly believe in religious, ethical, social and legal righteousness and we strictly adhere to those. We are also a firm believer in meaningfully contributing to the community and â€Å"giving back† to the society. Excellence in everything we do Our pursuit for business success has thrived on a very simple yet powerful philosophy – quality comes first! We have maintained highest quality standards in our operations, processes, products and brands, always keeping in mind that we can’t afford to be anything less than the best. In all our operating segments and in all our work areas, we strive for quality excellence and continuous improvement. Total commitment to customer satisfaction It takes months, years, in some cases decades, to win a loyal customer. But it takes only a few seconds to lose one. Rahimafrooz thrives on winning loyal customers through best quality products and service. Most importantly, it believes in keeping its customers loyal though sustained quality, amazing service performance and superior customer relations. Every single decision we make, every single behavior we demonstrate, must be meant for the satisfaction of our customers. Thinking ahead and taking new initiatives We have always tried to stay ahead in terms of thinking, decision making and competition. Our product development, business investment, people processes, technology utilization etc. stand testimony to this fact. We believe in being creative, innovative, and intelligent risk takers. Challenging the conventional is encouraged in our organization as long as it is meant to add value to the business and meant to bring positive results for the organization. Management, finance and partnerships The solar work of Rahimafrooz involves close contact with a large number of POs in Bangladesh. Key staff involved include Munawar M Moin, Director and Chief Operating Officer; Shah MD Sazzad Hossain, Manager, Solar and Industrial Batteries; and Nadia Rahim, Business Manager, Renewable Energy Services. The solar unit has recently (July 2006) been separated into an independent business working entirely on renewable energy systems. IDCOL provides both finance and logistic support to the many organisations involved in the widespread uptake of SHS in Bangladesh. This support includes nationwide campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of SHS; setting and maintaining quality standards; inspection and monitoring of systems; and liaison between the different organisations. Products ?Automotive battery ?Motorcycle battery ?Appliance battery ?Deep cycle – Flat plate battery ?Industrial tubular battery ?VRLA battery ?IPS and UPS batteries ?Battery for solar systems 3. 3 Ecological environment supply raw material to the rahimafrooz company Ltd. If row material price change then impact the organization demand & supply then Over all change company economy environment. Resource is given by ecology environment. Non-renewable resource A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or reused on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much faster than nature can recreate them. Fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum and natural gas) and nuclear power are example. This resource only source of ecology environment. Renewable resource A natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans. Solar radiation, tides, winds and hydroelectricity are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. Renewable resources may also mean commodities such as wood, paper, and leather, if harvesting is performed in a sustainable manner. Ecology Environment impact demand & supply & price level If ecology environment one element change then over all demand, supply & price level change. Following bellow 3. 3. The theory of demand for RL By ‘demand’ we mean demand backed by money. We are concerned with the quantity of a commodity, which will be demand at a given price over a certain period of time. A lower price wills means that more will be purchased. Higher price less will be purchased. It depend on ecology environment condition. Demand schedule for Rahimafrooz Batteries Price/ unit (Tk. ) Quan tity Demanded (Thousands) [ Per Week] 40001000 30001500 20002000 10002500 5003000 D 4000 3000 Price (Tk. ) 2000 1000 500 0 100015002000 2500 30000 Quantity (per week) 3. 3. 2 The theory of supply for RL The market for goods and services is determined not only by demand. The demand which consumers express through their willingness to buy, needs to be met by the willingness of producers to supply a good. More goods will be supplied at a higher, rather than at a lower, price. This law of the upward-sloping supply curve can be explained by the aim of producers to maximize their income. If ecology environment supply row material about low cost then product price is decries. Supply schedule for Rahimafrooz Batteries Price/unit (Tk. )Quantity supplied ( thousands) [per week] 40005000 30004500 20003500 10002500 001000 S 4000 3000 Price 2000 1000 500 0 1000 2500 3500 4500 5000 Quantity 3. 3. 3 Market equilibrium What benefit you are gating and haw many cost you are sacrifices. The benefits consumers attach to their consumption, this call marginal private benefit (MPB). S1, S2 is the supply curve, which corresponds to the marginal private cost ( MPC) For that supply curve shift right ward. Pr ice S1 (MPC) E1 P1 S2 (MPC) E2 P D (MPB) Q1 Q Quantity Figure: Market equilibrium accounting for external costs Even If you pollution water then you paid it value. This cost calculation MPC & MPB equilibrium position. Environmental stances adopted by RL They follow compliance plus strategy where there is more evidence of a proactive stance towards legal standards. RL have environmental management system into the context of it’s overall business strategy via ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified and follow The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 and The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995. If today row material price increase then product cost increase. As a result demand decrees then created new equilibrium. . 3. 4 other ecological environment Political, social culture, environment uncertainties impact the organization productivity. As a result impact on profitability. PART: FOUR Major Findings Our sturdy Ecological Impact of â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† 4. 1 Introduction A business doesn't exist in a vacuum: Environmental forces can affect businesses positively by driving sales, or th ey can cause negative effects by increasing the cost of goods sold or by increasing a business's overhead. A business depends upon its ability to generate a profit despite the external factors affecting it. While most environmental forces may be outside of a company's control, it can still succeed as long as the potential impacts of such forces are recognized and a plan is put into place to mitigate these effects. 4. 2 Ecological environment The word â€Å" ecology† come from Greek word â€Å"oikos† which means â€Å"house† or â€Å"place to live†. The study of the interaction of organisms with their environments. It involves understanding biotic & abiotic factors influencing the distribution and abundance of living thinks. 4. 2. 1 Characteristics of ecosystems Structure †¢Living (biotic) †¢Nonliving (abiotic) Process †¢Energy flow †¢Cycling of matter (chemicals) Change †¢Dynamic (not static) †¢Succession etc. 4. 2. 2 Element of ecosystem There are many element of ecosystem among them Human Animal Plant Plant/trees v Animal v Human If any one destroyed then environment is change. 4. 3 Environment effect of the RAHIMAFROOZ IPS & battery: ?IPS: IPS is seasonal business. Summer season IPS demand is high. But winter season demand is low. So IPS demand is effect the environment change. ?Naturally IPS price is very high. So only rich people use IPS they contain electric. Our country electric supply is low. But rice people not supper it because they store power. As a result electric is storage more & more. It suffer only poor people that call bangla word â€Å" morar upor karar ga†. So social class effect the environment change. ?Battery: RAHIMAFROOZ produce different type of battery such as vehicle and IPS battery. This battery is high quality and high price. So economy position effects the organization. Past year (2009) battery demand had very low because bad economy. ?Political environment effect the organization. Bad political field destroy the strategy in the company. ?Ecology Environment supply the row material bus any reason environment is change and row material supply distress so price is riches that effect the organization. Such as natural gas supply. ?Now a days up to 20 years track & base are reject this situation battery demand decrees. So government rule & regulation effect the company. ?Sometime miscorrelation attract the company. So company face loss. ?Infrastructure and Deliverability One of the key environmental forces a business must deal with it is its ability to deliver its product. While a business can control some factors, such as vehicles and transportation, it can't control those forces that exist within the infrastructure (including the transportation network of roads and railroads). The infrastructure must include roads adequate to support the area's traffic: Roads must be built to handle the type of traffic that will use them. ?Availability of Resources Production depends upon the availability of resources needed to manufacture a product. If resources are limited due to low crop production, for example, a business may suffer. Climatic environmental forces can affect how successful a business is and whether or not it can keep up with demand. Businesses dependent on nonrenewable resources such as minerals or fossil fuels are more likely to be negatively impacted by these environmental forces. Natural Disasters Perhaps the most unpredictable of the environmental forces that affect businesses is the occurrence of natural disasters. Flooding is the most common and widespread of natural disasters that can potentially affect businesses, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The National Weather Service reported that flooding caused more than $2 billion in property damage in 2007. ?Demographics Changes in demographics are another external factor that can impact businesses. Shifts in demographics occur for a myriad of reasons, sometimes displacing a critical client base. Cost of living, the environment, or lack of green space may cause people to move elsewhere. For a business, this environmental force can have a tremendous effect. Likewise, a positive shift may occur, resulting in an increase in potential clients and customers. For example, new businesses may attract more people to move into an area, with the potential to benefit other business owners with the increased client base 4. 4 Government regulation of ecological environment Agencies such as the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulate businesses and the environmental impacts they may have. Regulations may dictate how a business manufactures its products, as well as how it disposes of waste material. Generally, the greater and more hazardous the potential impact, the more regulations a business may be forced to follow. Failure to follow these regulations can result in large fines and possible cessation of a business. ?Promotion of bargaining: Who are created pollution & who are suffering pollution. Government are middle person who solve the problem. It is difficult, ?If is difficult to establish the legal right involved. ?It would be impossible to list everyone who is affected ? Taxes and charges: If organization produce harmful product then government charge high tax. Such as segregate. ?Marketable permit: every company pollution some environment. Production is impossible with out pollution. So government give some permit pollution to the environment, in this region company pay charge. Some company pollution over the limit & some company pollution under the limit. So higher pollution company spent large amount of many to buy permit from lower pollution company. So both company try reduce pollution. Tradable Pollution Permits (TPPs) are an alternative to pollution taxes. In 1994, the United States government inaugurated a program to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by requiring that companies have a permit for each ton of sulfur dioxide they emit. Companies were allocated TPPs based on their historical level of sulfur dioxide emissions. The program allows TPPs to be bought and sold among the companies. Therefore, a company can invest in scrubbers or use more expensive low sulfur coal to reduce its sulfur dioxide emissions and then sell its excess permits, offsetting part of the cost of reducing the pollution. ?Grants or Subsidies: It is a different strategy by government. Some people are not able to pay pollution charge. Such as farmer, so government pay many to reduce pollution. ?Regulation and anti monopoly legislation: To force organizes to address negative externalities is by regulation usually by imposing a set of legal obligations upon organization. Benefit ?Easier to administer. ?It can be applied to change the way goods are produced in order to reduce the amount of pollution. ?Regulation can promote business activity. Problem ?This low are not equal all person. ?It measure is very difficult. How many environments is polluted. 4. 5 Strategy taken by the organization Non-compliance: Organization produce product own style not follow the government rule & regulation. ?Compliance: Produce products obey government rule & regulation. Only polluted permit limit. ?Compliance plus: Pollution environment bellow the permit limit. ?Commercial and environmental excellence: Organization produce environment friendly product and every strategy taken by environ ment friendly. ?Leading edge: You are not only produce environment friendly product but also encourage other competitor prevent environment pollution. 4. 5. 1 which strategy taken by the Rohimafrooz Company This strategy taken depend on Five condition ?Stable context: Customer are not aware about environment pollution. For example, Afgwnstan. They are taken non-compliance rule. ?Reactive Context: Some group of people aware of the environment rule and regulation. For example, Bangladesh. They are taken compliance rule. ?Anticipative Context: Consumer are more aware the environment pollution. For example, India. They are take compliance plan rule. ?Proactive Context: This stage consumer are called view consumer. They are paying extra money to buy environment friendly product. For example, Nuzusland. They take commercial rule. Creative Context: Every body wont to buy environment friendly product. But nobody produce environment friendly product. Then you produce environment friendly product. They take `1Leding edge rule. So Rohimafrooz Company takes compliance strategy for produce product and service. 4. 6 Rohimafrooz Company Effect Environment: 4. 6. 1 Negatives side: Already Rohimafrooz c ompany pollution some environment: ?This company use Acid for making IPS & battery. This Acid mixed the air and pollution the environment. ?They are use oil. When barn oil pollution the environment and this company through rabbis bure conga. As a result water are pollution. When water is pollution then Planked, Fish, Bird, distorted. As a result this problem supper the people. The oil penetrates up the structure of the plumage of birds, reducing its insulating ability, and so making the birds more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. It also impairs birds’ flight abilities to forage and escape from predators. As they attempt to preen, birds typically ingest oil that covers their feathers, causing kidney damage, altered liver function, and digestive tract irritation. This and the limited foraging ability quickly causes dehydration and metabolic imbalances. Hormonal balance alteration including changes in luteinizing protein can also result in some birds exposed to petroleum. [4] Most birds affected by an oil spill die unless there is human intervention. [5][6] Marine mammals exposed to oil spills are affected in similar ways as seabirds. Oil coats the fur of Sea otters and seals, reducing its insulation abilities and leading to body temperature fluctuations and hypothermia. Ingestion of the oil causes dehydration and impaired digestions. Because oil floats on top of water, less sunlight penetrates into the water, limiting the photosynthesis of marine plants and phytoplankton. This, as well as decreasing the fauna populations, affects the food chain in the ecosystem. [citation needed] There are three kinds of oil-consuming bacteria. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Acid Producing Bacteria are anaerobic, while General Aerobic Bacteria (GAB) are aerobic. These bacteria occur naturally and will act to remove oil from an ecosystem, and their biomass will tend to replace other populations in the food chain. They use various comical such as tama, sisa etc. When it is barn this time hues amount of nicotine mixed in environment. As a result created global worming. Distorted tree and other animal. Ecosystems regenerate after a disturbance such as fire, forming mosaics of different age groups structured across a landscape. Pictured are different seral stages in forested ecosystems starting from pioneers colonizing a disturbe d site and maturing in successional stages leading to old-growth forests. The scale and dynamics of time and space must be carefully considered when describing ecological phenomena. 9] In reference to time, it can take thousands of years for ecological processes to mature. The life-span of a tree, for example, can include different successional or seral stages leading to mature old-growth forests. The ecological process is extended even further through time as trees topple over, decay and provide critical habitat as nurse logs or coarse woody debris. In reference to space, the area of an ecosystem can vary greatly from tiny to vast. For example, a single tree is of smaller consequence to the classification of a forest ecosystem, but it is of larger consequence to smaller organisms. 10] Several generations of an aphid population, for example, might exist on a single leaf. Inside each of those aphids exist diverse communities of bacteria. [11] Tree growth is, in turn, related to local site variables, such as soil type, moisture content, slope of the land, and forest canopy closure. However, more complex global factors, such as climate, must be considered for the classification and understanding of processes leading to larger patterns spanning across a forested landscape. [12] 4. 6. 2 Positive side: recently this company take some stop to prevent environment. Such as publics awareness of tree plantation, prevent west of electric etc. And human live make easy. This company try to produce environment friendly product. 4. 7 Future Plan of Rohimafrooz: In order to realize the vision of the gov. to provide electricity to most pf the population at reasonable price and to a achieve over all ecological development. They find alternative row material which are not pollution the environment. They take sort term, long term plan to prevent environment pollution. They are thinking, how many amount are pollution environment every years. This amount of oxygen are produce. And They try to make green organization in the future. PART: FIVE Recommendation 5. 1 Recommendation of â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† ?They can spend money for tree plantation. ?They can reduce green houses gases. ?Produce environment friendly product. 5. 2 Overall Recommendation on Report When an issue is detected, there are generally six ways of responding to them: ? opposition strategy – try to influence the environmental forces so as to negate their impact – this is only successful where you have some control over the environmental variable in question ? daptation strategy – adapt your marketing plan to the new environmental conditions ? offensive strategy – try to turn the new influence into an advantage – quick response can give you a competitive advantage ? redeployment strategy – redeploy your assets into another industry ? contingency strategies – determine a broad range of possible reactions â⠂¬â€œ find substitutes ? passive strategy – no response – study the situation further PART: SIX CONCLUSION It is the time of competition. If a company wants to exist in this competition then they have to concern about their environment. They are part of our environment, so they are responsible for any kind of pollution. There is no fixed strategy to win this situation. But in every situation they have to think about their environment. Today consumers are aware buying the environment pollution product. So always try to produce environment friendly product then this company most be success in the future. PART: SEVEN 7. 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY The Business Environment by Ian Brooks & Jamie Weatherston. www. rahimafroozbangladeshlimited. com www. wikipedia. com Mr. Mirajul Karim, Deler of Rohamafrooz Library study. 7. 2 Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use any IPS & battery A. Yes B. No 2. How is the IPS & battery market in Bangladesh . Ans: 3. In which sector IPS & battery commonly use. Ans: 4. Do you feel that IPS replace generator considering the about questions A. Yes B. No 5. What is your opinion about the IPS & battery use. A. Good B. Bad C. Problematic D. No comment 6. Which company do you prefer most. A. Rahamafrooze B. Singer C. Novana D. TCL E. Other 7. What is IPS / Battery bad side. Ans:

Human Resources Management

Questions 1. What should be the format and final form of the store manager’s job description? There is no standard format as to what should be included in the job description of store manager but most job descriptions cover the following sections †¢ Job identification †¢ Job summary †¢ Responsibilities and Duties †¢ Authority of incumbent †¢ Standards of performance †¢ Working conditions †¢ Job specification 2. Is it practical to specify standards and procedures in the body of the job description, or should these be kept separate?Not all the standards and procedures are important to mention in the body of job description except the ones that are relevant and important for the applicants to know i. e. Performance and Competency standards. Note: It depends upon the type of job under discussion as to what sort of standards to include. 3. How should Jennifer go about collecting the information required for the standards, procedures and job descri ption?First of all Jennifer should conduct a complete job analysis for the job of store manager and she should also check out existing policies and procedures of the company in place, then she should use one or more of the following methods for collecting information about Standards, Procedures and Job description for the job of Store Manager. †¢ The Interview †¢ Questionnaire †¢ Observation †¢ Participant Diary/ Logs In addition to these basic methods Jennifer Carter can also use these Quantitative techniques as well for measuring job description of store manager Position analysis questionnaire †¢ Department of labor procedures †¢ Functional job analysis 4. What, in your opinion should the store manager’s job description look like and contain? The Sore manager’s job description should look like and contain the following things. Carter Cleaning Center Store Manager Job Description |Title |2025 Store Manager | |Department(s) |Cleaning | |Re ports to |President (Jennifer Carter) | Job summaryThe store manager is responsible for directing all store activities in such a way that quality work is produced, customer relations and sales are maximized and profitability is maintained through effective control of labor supply and energy costs Summary of essential job functions In accomplishing the general aim the store manager’s duties and responsibilities are †¢ Quality control †¢ Store appearance and cleanliness †¢ Customer relations †¢ Bookkeeping and cash management †¢ Cost control and productivity †¢ Damage control †¢ Pricing †¢ Inventory control †¢ Spotting and cleaning Machine maintenance †¢ Purchasing †¢ Employee safety †¢ Hazardous waste removal †¢ Humane resource administration †¢ Pest control Knowledge, skills and abilities (The knowledge, skills and attitudes required for satisfactory job performance) Knowledge The incumbent must have profic ient knowledge in the following areas: †¢ Cusomer service †¢ Accounts payable accounts receivables †¢ Store and motel management and administration Skills The incumbent must demonstrate the following skills: Personal Attributes The incumbent must also demonstrate the following personal attributes: be honest and trustworthy †¢ possess cultural awarenes and senstivity The Store Manager would normally attain the required knowledge, skills and attitudes through related in experience in a retail setting. Equivalencies will be considered. Disclaimer The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this classification. They are not to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required of personnel so classified.All personnel may be required to perform duties outside of their normal responsibilities from time to time, as needed. Additional information |HR use only | |Job code | | |Generic title | | |Pay grade | | |Management? (Yes/No) | | |E/NE status | | |Last revised | | ———————– †¢ excellent customer service and interpersonal skills †¢ effective verbal and listening communications skills †¢ effective written communications skills †¢ decision making skills †¢ time management skills †¢ analytical and problem solving skills †¢