psych final paper

psych final paper psych final paper- schizophrenia Schizophrenia Alyssa Storey Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Schizophrenia is one of the most widely known psychological disorders. Because it is so well-known, it is surrounded by many stereotypes. The amount of people that understand schizophrenia is much smaller than the amount that thinks they do. Schizophrenia consists of three groups of symptoms. There are three main perspectives with theories on this disorder, and two main treatments options. There were a few minor changes in the DSM-V regarding schizophrenia, and there have been a few recent experiments involving it. When discussing schizophrenia and its symptoms, one will focus on three kinds of symptoms. These symptoms are positive, negative, and psychomotor. Positive symptoms are symptoms that are added to a person’s average behavior. These symptoms are abnormal and affect the person’s daily functioning. The most frequent positive symptoms of schizophrenia are disorganize thinking and speech, inappropriate affect, delusions, and heightened perceptions and hallucination s (Comer 2014). Many people suffering from schizophrenia have difficulty conversing with the people around them, and often cannot convey what they are thinking. They are very frequently confused by their thoughts and surroundings, but their confusion does not make sense to people without this abnormality. People with schizophrenia are unable to attain rational thoughts, which causes them to communicate in ways that are hard for the people around them to understand. They will usually derail during their conversations. Instead of sticking to the subject of the conversation, they will quickly change in between random subjects that have no connection with the original conversation (Comer 2014). While the other person in the conversation becomes confused, the person suffering from schizophrenia will believe that they are making perfect sense and carrying on a typical conversation. Others may use words that they have created in their head, called neologisms. Neologisms appear to be normal words to the person with schizophrenia, but the person they are speaking to not only have no idea what they are saying, but has also never heard the word (Comer 2014). Another positive symptom of schizophrenia is delusion. Delusions vary depending on each case of schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia may develop delusions of reference, delusions of perseverance, delusions of control, delusions of grandeur, or more than one of these delusions. Each kind of delusion creates different problems for them, and affect their lives in different ways. Delusions of reference occur when a person gives random objects or people a new and unusual meaning. Delusions of perception, which are the most common type of delusion among people with schizophrenia, occur when people believe they are being watched by someone or something with no relevance is out to get them. This is the type of delusion that is most stereotypical and often portrayed in movies. A type of delusion that is somewhat similar to delusions of perception is delusions of control. When a person is convinced that their lives, including their thoughts and actions, are being controlled by another person, they are experiencing delusions of control (Comer 2014) The final form of delusions is delusions of grandeur which is when someone believes that they are a kind of person they are not, such as a savior of a specific people, a genius, or possibly a profound philosopher. While the people experiencing any of these delusions fully believes that they are true, they are actually only in this person’s head. Unfortunately, a person with schizophrenic delusions will not be able to be convinced that they are not seeing reality. Hallucinations are another positive symptom that often occur when dealing with schizophrenia. The most common type of hallucinations for people with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations, which cause the person to hear sounds or

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War

Battle of Crecy in the The Hundred Years War The Battle of Crà ©cy was fought August 26, 1346, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Largely a dynastic struggle for the French throne, the conflict began following the death of Philip IV and his sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV. This ended the Capetian Dynasty which had ruled France since 987.   As no direct male heir lived, Edward III of England, Philip IVs grandson by his daughter Isabella, pressed his claim to the throne. This was rejected by the French nobility who preferred Philip IVs nephew, Philip of Valois. The War Begins Crowned Philip  VI in 1328, he called for Edward to do homage to him for the valuable  fief of Gascony. Though initially unwilling to this,  Edward relented and accepted Philip as King of France in 1331 in return for continued  control over Gascony. By doing so, he surrendered his rightful claim  to the throne. In 1337, Philip VI revoked Edward IIIs control of Gascony and commenced raiding the English coast. In response, Edward reasserted his claims to the French throne and began building alliances with the nobles of Flanders and the Low Countries.   In 1340, Edward scored a decisive naval victory at Sluys which gave England control of the Channel for the duration of the war. This was followed by an invasion of the Low Countries and an abortive siege of Cambrai. After plundering Picardy, Edward withdrew back to England to raise funds for future campaigns as well as to deal with the Scots who had used his absence to mount a series of raids across the border. Six years later, having assembled around 15,000 men and 750 ships at Portsmouth, he again planned to invade France.   A Return to France Sailing for Normandy, Edward landed on the Cotentin Peninsula that July. Quickly capturing Caen on July 26, he moved east towards the Seine. Alerted that King Philip VI was assembling a large army in Paris, Edward turned north and began moving along the coast. Pressing on, he crossed the Somme after winning the Battle of Blanchetaque on August 24. Tired from their endeavors, the English army encamped near the Forest of Crà ©cy. Eager to defeat the English and angry that he had failed to trap them between the Seine and Somme, Philip raced towards Crà ©cy with his men. The English Command Alerted to the approach of the French army, Edward deployed his men along a ridge between the villages of Crà ©cy and Wadicourt. Dividing his army, he assigned command of the right division to his sixteen-year old son Edward, the Black Prince with assistance from the Earls of Oxford and Warwick, as well as Sir John Chandos. The left division was led by the Earl of Northampton, while Edward, commanding from a vantage point in a windmill, retained leadership of the reserve. These divisions were supported by large numbers of archers equipped with the English longbow. Armies Commanders: England Edward IIIEdward, the Black Prince12,000-16,000 men France Philip VI20,000-80,000 men Preparing for Battle While waiting for the French to arrive, the English busied themselves by digging ditches and laying out caltrops in front of their position. Advancing north from Abbeyville, the lead elements of Philips army arrived near the English lines around mid-day on August 26. Scouting the enemy position, they recommended to Philip that they encamp, rest, and wait for the entire army to arrive. While Philip agreed with this approach, he was overruled by his nobles who wished to attack the English without delay. Quickly forming for battle, the French did not wait for the bulk of their infantry or supply train to arrive. The French Advance Advancing with Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldis Genoese crossbowmen in the lead, the French knights followed with lines led by the Duke D’Alencon, Duke of Lorraine, and Count of Blois, while Philip commanded the rearguard. Moving to the attack, the crossbowmen fired a series of volleys at the English. These proved ineffective as a brief thunderstorm before the battle had wet and slackened the crossbowstrings. The English archers on the other hand had simply untied their bowstrings during the storm. Death from Above This coupled with the longbows ability to fire every five seconds gave the English archers a dramatic advantage over the crossbowmen who could only get off one to two shots per minute. The Genoese position was worsened by the fact that in the rush to battle their pervises (shields to hide behind while reloading) had not been brought forward. Coming under devastating fire from Edwards archers, the Genoese began withdrawing. Angered by the crossbowmens retreat, the French knights fired insults at them and even cut several down. Charging forward, the French front lines fell into confusion as they collided with the retreating Genoese. As the two bodies of men tried to move past each other they came under fire from the English archers and five early cannon (some sources debate their presence). Continuing the attack, the French knights were forced to negotiate the slope of the ridge and the man-made obstacles. Cut down in large numbers by the archers, the felled knights and their horses blocked the advance of those to the rear. During this time, Edward received a message from his son requesting aid. Upon learning that the younger Edward was healthy, the king refused stating â€Å"I am confident he will repel the enemy without my help, and Let the boy win his spurs. As evening approached the English line held, repelling sixteen French charges. Each time, the English archers brought down the attacking knights. With darkness falling, a wounded Philip, recognizing he had been defeated, ordered a retreat and fell back to the castle at La Boyes. Aftermath The Battle of Crà ©cy was one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years War and established the superiority of the longbow against mounted knights. In the fighting, Edward lost between 100-300 killed, while Philip suffered around 13,000-14,000 (some sources indicate it may have been as high as 30,000). Among the French losses were the heart of the nations nobility including the Duke of Lorraine, Count of Blois, and the Count of Flanders, as well as John, King of Bohemia and the King of Majorca. In addition eight other counts and three archbishops were slain. In the wake of the battle, the Black Prince paid tribute to the nearly blind King John of Bohemia, who had fought valiantly before being slain, by taking his shield and making it his own. Having earned his spurs, the Black Prince became one of his fathers best field commanders and won a stunning victory at Poitiers in 1356. Following the victory at Crà ©cy, Edward continued north and laid siege to Calais. The city fell the next year and became a key English base for the remainder of the conflict.

Essay on Chapter 3 of Gender Trouble (Judith Butler, 1999)

On Chapter 3 of Gender Trouble (Judith Butler, 1999) - Essay Example n’s interiority most of the times is also referred to as a psychological core that justifies and analyses the outside or surface affairs of the body (Butler, 1999:90-110). Therefore, with such proposition, the gender or the sexual characteristic of a person tends to be derivative. One person may think of one thing, yet it does not constitute his final thoughts. What a person may act is not what he truly thinks. Gender is not truly a mere physical characterization of a person. Butler further proposes that there are performative actions that generalize and conclude the whole idea of gender and sexuality. Gender is a performance of what is continuously thought and observed. Others may refer to this as the idea or performativity. Furthermore, whether it is heterosexuality or homosexuality, both are the results of impersonation towards what the outer influence is implying to the inner space (Salih, 2002:55-61; Butler, 1999:130-40; Bell, 1999:85-90). Drag, referring to the ideas of Butler, is the simplest form of sexual mimicry as to what society might dictate. Though the outside body may reflect those of a male being, the mind is set and made believe the person is of the female specie. This compliments the idea of repetition that the author also has spoken of. When acts are continuously or repeatedly done, a person will get accustomed to performing actions that are learned through the influence of the environment and/or the society. The term drag does not only pertain to those of the male specie having a female interiority but also of those of the female specie having a male interiority. Repetition not just in actions but also in thoughts will further justify the mind that what the outer may appear to be is not what the inner feels. Therefore, such conflict within the inner and the outer self of a person results in what is known as drag (Butler, 1999:134-41). Elaborating more on gender, Butler emphasises that gender is a repeated performance, practically a ritual.

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private Essay

Evidenced Based Practice (EBP) in Medical Technology in private clinical laboratory setting - Essay Example The developments of science and technology have contributed to making many of these simpler that they no longer come under the federal oversight requirements. This puts the onus of ensuring that these tests ensure patient care and safety on the private clinical laboratories. (Howerton, D., Anderson, N., Bosse, D., Granade, S.,and Westbrook, G., 2006) The role of the private clinical laboratories is not restricted to simple tests, but as technology evolves so does their role in their contribution to more challenging laboratory testing like drug resistance testing in the management of HIV AIDS. (Wilson, W.J., 2003). To fulfill their role in patient care and patient safety private clinical laboratories need to be reliable associates of the physicians and yet there are areas in which the clinical laboratories are found to be deficient. These deficiencies include failure to provide useful information to help interpret a test result, standardization of reference ranges and units of measurement, laboratory policies that interfere with patient care, and performance of the wrong test. (Butterly, R.J., 2006). Errors do occur in laboratory tests and patient safety is impacted by the frequency and the seriousness with which these errors happen in private clinical laboratories. (Howanitz, P.J., 2005). In addition to errors another aspect that is found to be deficient in clinical laboratories that lead act as an impediment to the optimal delivery of healthcare to patients is the poor core laboratory performance that lead to delay in the laboratories providing the test results and as a result lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. (Holland, L.L., Smith, L.L., and Blick, K.E., 2005). There are deficiencies in the manner in which private clinical laboratories perform their role in patient care and patient safety. However, the issues that need to be taken into consideration is whether they are

The Fire Inside Me Essay Example for Free

The Fire Inside Me Essay A spark has been lit inside of me. It has become attached to my body, creating a fire that will soon consume me. There are things I do want out of life for myself, and this fire is there for that reason. The fire forces me to achieve all of my goals. The fire started as all fires start—the tiniest spark. I could tell from the â€Å"pinch-like† pain that the spark landed right above my smaller intestine, right in the â€Å"pit of my stomach. † With each goal I set for myself, the fire grows stronger, hotter, and brighter than ever before. I want to go to college, and with that thought to myself, I can feel the fire grow inside of me. The faint smell of smoke that would make one reminisce a childhood campfire appears in my nostrils. My skin grows slightly warmer, and my once cool, wet, clammy palms have suddenly become cool and dry. I want to be valedictorian, and in less than a minute, I can feel the tiny fire grow larger, enveloping my stomach, liver, gall bladder, and spleen. The fire has grown to the size where one could see an array of colors: orange, red, yellow, and the faintest blue-tinge located in the center of the fire. I want to win states for soccer; immediately the fire increases in size yet again, this time consuming my lungs, muscles, and bones; it takes control of my intestines, esophagus and kidneys. With every exhale I put forth, I feel dark black smoke rise through my trachea and slowly drip out of my nostrils, leaving only the smell of smoke, and the sight of black vapor wisping in front of my eyes. My eyes that were once blue have slowly began to turn red, as if to show others of the fire that consumes me—the fire that drives me. The flame’s tendrils whip around my heart and brain, close enough to cook my two-most-vital organs. With every piece of food I eat, the taste of charcoal rises to my lips and tongue, giving me no more enjoyment in either eating or drinking. I have become permanently dehydrated because everything I drink soon turns to vapor due to the heat. No longer am I cold, or even warm, but am now hot to the touch. I will be successful, and with this goal, the fire completely envelops me. The heat in my body could raise the temperature of the Arctic Circle by a few degrees. I can now hear the sound of my organs sizzling, crackling, and popping in the intense heat. The fire is now displayed in brilliant shades of blue, light and dark, purple, a vibrant yellow, a spectacular red, and a bright orange. The sight of my fire would be enough to put to shame any sunrise or sunset. With every breath I take, the air is immediately lost, used instead to fuel the fire. The fire that now consumes me has become a part of me. It lives inside me and forces my thoughts to be centered. The fire no longer causes pain for me, as I have come to accept my fire, my passion and drive. Soon, with me slowly accomplishing my goals one by one, it still pushes me onward. It makes it so that I can push past any obstacle in front of me. The fire allows me to see that I will be successful and that I will achieve all my life’s goals. I sometimes cannot help wondering if Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, or any other great history-maker had a fire of their own much like this. I understand that the fire will one day diminish. It will once again lose control over my body, leaving behind only black colored organs, the minor smell of smoke, and the slight taste of charcoal. Soon, the fire will become only a spark once again leaving the remainder of my fire to dissipate in the last smoke vapor to leave my burnt nostrils. But for now, the fire still fuels me. For now, if one would look closely enough, past the burnt hair, the blackened organs, and the pulsating red eyes, they would still be able to see that tiny spark.

the awakening :: essays research papers

Music Throughout The Awakening, the manner in which each of the characters uses and understands music gives us a sense of Edna’s ideological alignment in relation to the novel’s other characters. Additionally, Edna’s exploration of music and her meditations upon its significance enable her own (visual) art to flourish. Edna first learns about the emotive power of music from Mademoiselle Reisz. Whereas Adà ¨le Ratignolle’s piano playing had merely conjured sentimental pictures for Edna, the older woman’s playing stirs new feelings and probes unexplored emotional territories in her. Mademoiselle Reisz uses music as a form of artistic expression, not merely as a way of entertaining others. In contrast to Mademoiselle Reisz, the Farival twins play the piano purely for the sake of the gathered company. The twins’ association with the Virgin Mary, and, hence, with a destiny of chaste motherliness, links them thematically with notions of how Victorian wo men should behave. Their piano playing—entertaining but not provocative, pleasant but not challenging—similarly serves as the model for how women should use art. It becomes clear that, for a Victorian woman, the use of art as a form of self-exploration and self-articulation constitutes a rebellion. Correspondingly, Mademoiselle Reisz’s use of music situates her as a nonconformist and a sympathetic confidante for Edna’s awakening. The difference Edna detects between the piano-playing of Mademoiselle Reisz and Adà ¨le Ratignolle seems also to testify to Edna’s emotional growth. She reaches a point in her awakening in which she is able to hear what a piece of music says to her, rather than idly inventing random pictures to accompany the sounds. Thus, music, or Edna’s changing reactions to it, also serves to help the reader locate Edna in her development. Children Images of children, and verbal allusions to them, occur throughout the novel. Edna herself is often metaphorically related to a child. In her awakening, she is undergoing a form of rebirth as she discovers the world from a fresh, childlike, perspective. Yet Edna’s childishness has a less admirable side. Edna becomes self-absorbed, she disregards others, and she fails to think realistically about the future or to meditate on her the consequences of her actions. Ultimately, Edna’s thoughts of her children inspire her to commit suicide, because she realizes that no matter how little she depends on others, her children’s lives will always be affected by society’s opinion of her. Moreover, her children represent an obligation that, unlike Edna’s obligation to her husband, is irrevocable.

Report on “Rahimafrooz”

PART: ONE 1. 1 Introduction The word ‘environment’ does not merely refer to the natural or ecological environment, although that may be important considerations for many organizations. Instead, it is a generic concept, which embraces the totality of external environment forces, which may influence any aspect of organizational activity. Similarly, the word ‘business’ is used to imply any type of organization, whether it is a commercial profit-making enterprise, a government agency or a non-profit-making charitable trust. 1. 2 Background: The report-conducted rahimafrooz limited. This company all ready establish in the market. Rohimafrooz first lance their product in 1954. We are preparing this report environment impact (specially ecological impact) analysis the rahimafrooz limited. We are visit rahimafrooz sales center and collect much information. In this paper â€Å"Impact of Environmental Forces in Industry special focus on Ecology† every possible attempt has been made to collect necessary information to show the conditions of the product. 1. 3 Significance of the report: To justify the how situation ecological environment impact the rahimafrooz Ltd. in Bangladesh. 1. 4 Scope of the report: The area of study is confined to rahimafrooz Ltd. n Bangladesh. The job is to review the overall company ecological impact. This report has been prepared through extensive discussion with group member & seller of the company. ?An overview of IPS & battery industry in Bangladesh. ?An overview of rahimafrooz limited in Bd ?Marketing performance of rahimafrooz limited. 1. 5 Objectives: 1. 5. 1 Broad Objective: O ur objective is to identify Environmental Forces on Rahimafrooz Ltd. especially ecological impact on their production process as well as overall industry. 1. 5. 2 Specific Objective: ?To identify the ecologial condition of Rahimafrooz Batteries & IPS Ltd. In Bangladesh. To identify the major obstacle to the way of prosper of the company. ?To find out the objectives of the Rahimafrooz Ltd. ?To identify the economic & marketing condition. 1. 6 Methodology: Methodology following to perform a job or conducting activities to complete a task is called methodology. 1. 6. 1 Type of research: This is an Descript & experimental research which briefly reveals and analyzes the especially ecological impact of Rohimafrooz Ltd. 1. 6. 2 Sources of data 1. 6. 2. 1 Primary: Rohamaforooze dealer, marketing department, & customer, seller etc. 1. 6. 2. 2 Secondary: Newspaper, article, library sturdy, & report. . 6. 3 Data collection procedure: 1. 6. 3. 1 Secondary: †¢Published documents and reports †¢Annual reports of the Rahimafrooz . †¢Relevant websites (www. rahimafrooz bangladesh limited. com) 1. 6. 3. 2 Primary: Interview and discussion with the officials and clients 1. 6. 4 Questionnaire: A logical questionnaire is used in the market research. Both close ended and open-ended questions are used in the questionnaire. 1. 6. 5 Sampling plan: ?Sample unit: The sample unit of the survey is an individual user of IPS & battery in BD. ?Population: All the user of IPS & battery product in mirpur aria. Sample frame: No well structured sample frame is found. ?Sampling procedure: Non-probability convenience sampling procedure is used in the survey. ?Sampie size: The sample size is 100 people NoAreaNumber 01Mirpur- 11 number50 02Mirpur- 10 number30 03Mirpur- 01 number20 1. 6. 6 Data analysis and reporting: We have used different computer software to analyzes this reports. Such as Microsoft word, Microsoft excel etc. 1. 7 Limitations: ?Lack of time ?Lack of knowledge ?Lack o f sufficient financial assistance. ?Lack of proper book, journals & article etc. ?Lack of valuable data & information. Lack of perfect co-operation. PART: TWO Theoretical Aspects ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES A Classification of Environmental forces: 1. LE. PESTC analysis. 2. â€Å"Dartboard† model. 3. Peace & Robinson theory. There have been numerous attempts to model the business environment either in its totality or in its specific elements. Perhaps the most popular of the former category is PEST analysis. The simple acronym PEST (standing for Political, Economic, Social, Technological) serves well as an aide memoir when considering the array of environmental forces influencing business activity. It encompasses most areas of concern these field. PEST analysis enables to assemble a logical and comprehensive picture of their environment. However it is the interrelationship between the apparently different factor, which adds not only complexity, and uncertainty to the analysis but also richness greater accuracy Figure: LE PEST C Analysis Economical †¢GDP per capita †¢economic growth †¢unemployment rate †¢inflation rate †¢consumer and investor confidence †¢inventory levels †¢currency exchange rates †¢merchandise trade balance †¢financial and political health of trading partners †¢balance of payments †¢future trends Political †¢political climate – amount of government activity political stability and risk †¢government debt †¢budget deficit or surplus †¢corporate and personal tax rates †¢payroll taxes †¢import tariffs and quotas †¢export restrictions †¢restrictions on international financial flows Legal †¢minimum wage laws â € ¢environmental protection laws †¢worker safety laws †¢union laws †¢copyright and patent laws †¢anti- monopoly laws †¢Sunday closing laws †¢municipal licences †¢laws that favour business investment Technological †¢efficiency of infrastructure, including: roads, ports, airports, rolling stock, hospitals, education, healthcare, communication, etc. †¢industrial productivity †¢new manufacturing processes new products and services of competitors †¢new products and services of supply chain partners †¢any new technology that could impact the company †¢cost and accessibility of electrical power Ecological †¢ecological concerns that affect the firms production processes †¢ecological concerns that affect customers' buying habits †¢ecological concerns that affect customers' perception of the company or product Social †¢demographic factors such as: opopulation size and distribution oage distribution oeducati on levels oincome levels oethnic origins oreligious affiliations †¢attitudes towards: omaterialism, capitalism, free enterprise individualism, role of family, role of government, collectivism orole of church and religion oconsumerism oenvironmentalism oimportance of work, pride of accomplishment †¢cultural structures including: odiet and nutrition ohousing conditions Competitive †¢Labor supply oquantity of labor available oquality of labor available ostability of labor supply owage expectations oemployee turn-over rate ostrikes and labor relations oeducational facilities †¢Material suppliers oquality, quantity, price, and stability of material inputs odelivery delays oproximity of bulky or heavy material inputs olevel of competition among suppliers International Economy Technology sector International Context Context Government Industry ORGANIZATION raw material Market sectors Social cultural Human resources Sector Sector International Finance Sector sector Figure: Dartboard model The dartboard configuration gives the organization of place in the centre while radiating from are 8 categories environmental concern. Technology Sector Both the types and the level of technology in the society give insight into understanding an institution. Institutions dealing with Western paradigms are dependent on the state of national infrastructure, e. g. power, water, transport; those which concentrate on indigenous research paradigms may have totally different dependencies. Thus, it is important to understand the level of relevant technology in the institutional context and whether such technology is defined by computer literacy or by highly developed indigenous methods of verbal and nonverbal communication. It might also be helpful for an assessment to include a consideration of the process by which new technology comes into use, both to understand how difficult it is to acquire needed research technologies and to develop an appreciation for the society's willingness to embrace both new knowledge and change. Government Sector At a general level, IDRC needs to understand the relationship between governmental strategy or development plans and the institution. Several specific dimensions of the political context should be scrutinized: †¢The extent to which government and its bureaucracy supports and contributes resources to the institution: It is imperative that IDRC and other funding agencies know whether significant governmental inputs are anticipated to support increased staffing, maintenance, or other recurring costs typical in research projects. The political context usually entails resource trade-off decisions at the government level. The extent to which the political system is stable or poised to undergo significant change: This factor is vital; the foreign policy context and its effect on IDRC should also be considered. †¢Whether the political context of the institution directly involves the legal context: Some institutions require specific legal status to operate, to receive external fundi ng, and to import equipment in support of research. Economic Sector In the economic environment, the organizational analysis should centre on those aspects of the economic system that directly impact the type of project being considered. For example, inflation, labour laws, and opportunity costs for researchers in public institutions directly impact organizational activities. Clearly, a country under a structural adjustment regime or one that is expecting to undergo restructuring presents an investment context that IDRC needs to understand. Countries with foreign currency restrictions represent different environments for institutions than countries without them, for such restrictions have ramifications for research, e. g. or equipment procurement and maintenance. It is important for IDRC to know how the organization the Centre is supporting is affected by these and other economic forces. Social and Cultural Sector Social and cultural forces at local, national, and often regional levels have profound influence on the way organizations conduct their work and on what they value in terms of outcomes and effects. For example, the mores of an indigenous culture have a bearing on the work ethic and on the way in which peopl e relate to one another. Undoubtedly, the most profound cultural dimension is language. The extent to which organizational members can participate in the discourse of the major scientific language will determine the extent to which research efforts focus inwardly or contribute to regional and global research agendas. Understanding the national/regional/local values toward learning and research provides insight into the type and nature of research that is valued. For example, what is the relative priority placed on contract research in partnership with local clients, e. g. esting products and procedures with indigenous populations, as opposed to sharing information with academic peers internationally, or generating biostatistical data that will shape national or regional policy? Arriving at these priorities involves culture-based decisions. Human Resources Sector The human resources (HR) of an organization consist of all staff (research, teaching, managerial, and technical/support staff) engaged in any of the organization's activities. It is well-recognized that the human resources of any organization are its most valuable asset. This is particularly true in research centres, where the people required to do the core work of the organization are highly trained individuals. IDRC has long been committed to supporting the continuing professional development of researchers in the Centre's partner institutions. The HR management function is charged with planning and controlling this resource to make sure that peoples' needs are met. This is not merely an altruistic function, for it is highly likely that staff who are reasonably comfortable with working conditions and stimulated by the environment will be productive. Managing human resources requires forecasting the demand and supply of staff needed to carry out the activities of the organization. HR management also entails keeping records of human resources so as to permit the creation of a more equitable employment system. They separate firms external environment into three categories. Remote Environment: All of the environment element with out ‘industry & operating environment’ Such as global & domestic political, social, and technological concerns. Industry Environments: those manse competitive forces. Such as Singer , Novana, TCL etc. Operating environment: Which omprises a rather mixed group of actors including suppliers and customers. PART: THREE Analysis and Findings STUDY on â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† 3. 1 Organization Overview Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd. is a Private entrepreneur and leading battery manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It manufactures and markets several types of batteries both in the local and international market. Due to the proven quality and wide range of product, the company has been trusted worldwide. The Company, for more than 15 years, has been working in designing, marketing, supplying and installation of solar products for various types of uses e. . Household lighting, Community lighting, off-grid market electrification, Railway signaling, remote area communication etc. Till date, Rahimafrooz has installed more than 4187 SHS (50 Wp equivalent) in different parts of the country with installed capacity of 209 kWp. RBL is the largest lead-acid battery manufacturer in Bangladesh and offers an extensive range of automotive & specialized industrial battery. It manufactures over 300 different types of automotive and industrial batteries. Its plant is ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified. It is one of the key players in South Asia in its field. Nearly 70% of households in Bangladesh are not connected to the electricity grid and so depend on kerosene for lighting. This includes most rural areas, and also the fringes of Dhaka. There are plans to extend the grid, but there is little prospect of substantial change in the near future. The REREDP, which is funded by the World Bank and GEF and managed by the Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), initially aimed to provide 50,000 systems by the end of 2007, but this has already been increased to 200,000 systems because of the success of the programme, and may be further ncreased. IDCOL provides Participating Organizations (POs) in the programme with subsidies and concessional loans to purchase PV systems in bulk, and the partners can then provide credit to rural households to buy systems. PV electricity can have a huge impact on people's lives, providing power for lighting, phone charging, education and entertainment. One reason for the success of the project is the l ocal availability of components from the manufacturing and development work of Rahimafrooz. The company has applied its considerable expertise in battery manufacture to the production of batteries specifically for PV systems, as wellas diversifying into the design of charge controllers and fluorescent lamps for local manufacture. Rahimafrooz has also supplied 25,000 complete SHSs, mostly for IDCOL POs under the REREDP, and has provided training and technical support for these POs. Outside the REREDP, Rahimafrooz has installed 448 kWp of other PV systems. The first prize Ashden Award to Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd recognises the key contribution which it has made to the enormously successful programme of solar home systems in Bangladesh, through local manufacture of reliable equipment and components. Company Profile Basic Information Company Name:Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd Business Type:Manufacturer, Trading Company, Agent Product/Service (We Sell):Lead Acid Battery, Tyre, Voltage Stabiliser, UPS, Inverter , IPS Product/Service (We Buy):Voltage Stabiliser, UPS, Inverter Address:Globe Chamber, 104 Motizheel C / A Brands:Rahimafrooz Number of Employees:Above 1000 People Company Website URL:http://rahimafrooz. com/ Ownership & Capital Year Established:1946 Registered Capital:Above US$100 Million Ownership Type:Corporation/Limited Liability Company Legal Representative/Business Owner:Limited company 3. 2 Trade & Market Main Markets:Africa Mid East Eastern Asia Main Customers: Domestic Market, Middle east, India, etc Total Annual Sales Volume:Above US$100 Million Export Percentage:21% – 30% Total Annual Purchase Volume:US$50 Million – US$100 Million Factory Information Factory Size:Above 100,000 square meters Factory Location:Dhaka, Pabna & EPZ QA/QC:In House No. of Production Lines:Above 10 No. of R Staff:11 – 20 People No. of QC Staff:31 – 40 People Management Certification:HACCP ISO 9000/9001/9004/19011: 2000 QS-9000 ISO 14000/14001 Contract Manufacturing:OEM Service Offered Design Service Offered Quality Policy We as a team are totally committed to customer delight through intelligent effort and continuous improvement. Vision 2010 To be one of the top two storage power companies in SAARC by the year 2010. Core Values Integrity in all our dealings The Rahimafrooz team never compromises on ethical business practices. We set high standards of ethics and moral virtue for ourselves. Our commitment to integrity shall never be compromised for the sake of business goals or anything. We firmly believe in religious, ethical, social and legal righteousness and we strictly adhere to those. We are also a firm believer in meaningfully contributing to the community and â€Å"giving back† to the society. Excellence in everything we do Our pursuit for business success has thrived on a very simple yet powerful philosophy – quality comes first! We have maintained highest quality standards in our operations, processes, products and brands, always keeping in mind that we can’t afford to be anything less than the best. In all our operating segments and in all our work areas, we strive for quality excellence and continuous improvement. Total commitment to customer satisfaction It takes months, years, in some cases decades, to win a loyal customer. But it takes only a few seconds to lose one. Rahimafrooz thrives on winning loyal customers through best quality products and service. Most importantly, it believes in keeping its customers loyal though sustained quality, amazing service performance and superior customer relations. Every single decision we make, every single behavior we demonstrate, must be meant for the satisfaction of our customers. Thinking ahead and taking new initiatives We have always tried to stay ahead in terms of thinking, decision making and competition. Our product development, business investment, people processes, technology utilization etc. stand testimony to this fact. We believe in being creative, innovative, and intelligent risk takers. Challenging the conventional is encouraged in our organization as long as it is meant to add value to the business and meant to bring positive results for the organization. Management, finance and partnerships The solar work of Rahimafrooz involves close contact with a large number of POs in Bangladesh. Key staff involved include Munawar M Moin, Director and Chief Operating Officer; Shah MD Sazzad Hossain, Manager, Solar and Industrial Batteries; and Nadia Rahim, Business Manager, Renewable Energy Services. The solar unit has recently (July 2006) been separated into an independent business working entirely on renewable energy systems. IDCOL provides both finance and logistic support to the many organisations involved in the widespread uptake of SHS in Bangladesh. This support includes nationwide campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of SHS; setting and maintaining quality standards; inspection and monitoring of systems; and liaison between the different organisations. Products ?Automotive battery ?Motorcycle battery ?Appliance battery ?Deep cycle – Flat plate battery ?Industrial tubular battery ?VRLA battery ?IPS and UPS batteries ?Battery for solar systems 3. 3 Ecological environment supply raw material to the rahimafrooz company Ltd. If row material price change then impact the organization demand & supply then Over all change company economy environment. Resource is given by ecology environment. Non-renewable resource A non-renewable resource is a natural resource which cannot be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or reused on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much faster than nature can recreate them. Fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum and natural gas) and nuclear power are example. This resource only source of ecology environment. Renewable resource A natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans. Solar radiation, tides, winds and hydroelectricity are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability. Renewable resources may also mean commodities such as wood, paper, and leather, if harvesting is performed in a sustainable manner. Ecology Environment impact demand & supply & price level If ecology environment one element change then over all demand, supply & price level change. Following bellow 3. 3. The theory of demand for RL By ‘demand’ we mean demand backed by money. We are concerned with the quantity of a commodity, which will be demand at a given price over a certain period of time. A lower price wills means that more will be purchased. Higher price less will be purchased. It depend on ecology environment condition. Demand schedule for Rahimafrooz Batteries Price/ unit (Tk. ) Quan tity Demanded (Thousands) [ Per Week] 40001000 30001500 20002000 10002500 5003000 D 4000 3000 Price (Tk. ) 2000 1000 500 0 100015002000 2500 30000 Quantity (per week) 3. 3. 2 The theory of supply for RL The market for goods and services is determined not only by demand. The demand which consumers express through their willingness to buy, needs to be met by the willingness of producers to supply a good. More goods will be supplied at a higher, rather than at a lower, price. This law of the upward-sloping supply curve can be explained by the aim of producers to maximize their income. If ecology environment supply row material about low cost then product price is decries. Supply schedule for Rahimafrooz Batteries Price/unit (Tk. )Quantity supplied ( thousands) [per week] 40005000 30004500 20003500 10002500 001000 S 4000 3000 Price 2000 1000 500 0 1000 2500 3500 4500 5000 Quantity 3. 3. 3 Market equilibrium What benefit you are gating and haw many cost you are sacrifices. The benefits consumers attach to their consumption, this call marginal private benefit (MPB). S1, S2 is the supply curve, which corresponds to the marginal private cost ( MPC) For that supply curve shift right ward. Pr ice S1 (MPC) E1 P1 S2 (MPC) E2 P D (MPB) Q1 Q Quantity Figure: Market equilibrium accounting for external costs Even If you pollution water then you paid it value. This cost calculation MPC & MPB equilibrium position. Environmental stances adopted by RL They follow compliance plus strategy where there is more evidence of a proactive stance towards legal standards. RL have environmental management system into the context of it’s overall business strategy via ISO 9001 & ISO 14001 certified and follow The Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 and The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995. If today row material price increase then product cost increase. As a result demand decrees then created new equilibrium. . 3. 4 other ecological environment Political, social culture, environment uncertainties impact the organization productivity. As a result impact on profitability. PART: FOUR Major Findings Our sturdy Ecological Impact of â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† 4. 1 Introduction A business doesn't exist in a vacuum: Environmental forces can affect businesses positively by driving sales, or th ey can cause negative effects by increasing the cost of goods sold or by increasing a business's overhead. A business depends upon its ability to generate a profit despite the external factors affecting it. While most environmental forces may be outside of a company's control, it can still succeed as long as the potential impacts of such forces are recognized and a plan is put into place to mitigate these effects. 4. 2 Ecological environment The word â€Å" ecology† come from Greek word â€Å"oikos† which means â€Å"house† or â€Å"place to live†. The study of the interaction of organisms with their environments. It involves understanding biotic & abiotic factors influencing the distribution and abundance of living thinks. 4. 2. 1 Characteristics of ecosystems Structure †¢Living (biotic) †¢Nonliving (abiotic) Process †¢Energy flow †¢Cycling of matter (chemicals) Change †¢Dynamic (not static) †¢Succession etc. 4. 2. 2 Element of ecosystem There are many element of ecosystem among them Human Animal Plant Plant/trees v Animal v Human If any one destroyed then environment is change. 4. 3 Environment effect of the RAHIMAFROOZ IPS & battery: ?IPS: IPS is seasonal business. Summer season IPS demand is high. But winter season demand is low. So IPS demand is effect the environment change. ?Naturally IPS price is very high. So only rich people use IPS they contain electric. Our country electric supply is low. But rice people not supper it because they store power. As a result electric is storage more & more. It suffer only poor people that call bangla word â€Å" morar upor karar ga†. So social class effect the environment change. ?Battery: RAHIMAFROOZ produce different type of battery such as vehicle and IPS battery. This battery is high quality and high price. So economy position effects the organization. Past year (2009) battery demand had very low because bad economy. ?Political environment effect the organization. Bad political field destroy the strategy in the company. ?Ecology Environment supply the row material bus any reason environment is change and row material supply distress so price is riches that effect the organization. Such as natural gas supply. ?Now a days up to 20 years track & base are reject this situation battery demand decrees. So government rule & regulation effect the company. ?Sometime miscorrelation attract the company. So company face loss. ?Infrastructure and Deliverability One of the key environmental forces a business must deal with it is its ability to deliver its product. While a business can control some factors, such as vehicles and transportation, it can't control those forces that exist within the infrastructure (including the transportation network of roads and railroads). The infrastructure must include roads adequate to support the area's traffic: Roads must be built to handle the type of traffic that will use them. ?Availability of Resources Production depends upon the availability of resources needed to manufacture a product. If resources are limited due to low crop production, for example, a business may suffer. Climatic environmental forces can affect how successful a business is and whether or not it can keep up with demand. Businesses dependent on nonrenewable resources such as minerals or fossil fuels are more likely to be negatively impacted by these environmental forces. Natural Disasters Perhaps the most unpredictable of the environmental forces that affect businesses is the occurrence of natural disasters. Flooding is the most common and widespread of natural disasters that can potentially affect businesses, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The National Weather Service reported that flooding caused more than $2 billion in property damage in 2007. ?Demographics Changes in demographics are another external factor that can impact businesses. Shifts in demographics occur for a myriad of reasons, sometimes displacing a critical client base. Cost of living, the environment, or lack of green space may cause people to move elsewhere. For a business, this environmental force can have a tremendous effect. Likewise, a positive shift may occur, resulting in an increase in potential clients and customers. For example, new businesses may attract more people to move into an area, with the potential to benefit other business owners with the increased client base 4. 4 Government regulation of ecological environment Agencies such as the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulate businesses and the environmental impacts they may have. Regulations may dictate how a business manufactures its products, as well as how it disposes of waste material. Generally, the greater and more hazardous the potential impact, the more regulations a business may be forced to follow. Failure to follow these regulations can result in large fines and possible cessation of a business. ?Promotion of bargaining: Who are created pollution & who are suffering pollution. Government are middle person who solve the problem. It is difficult, ?If is difficult to establish the legal right involved. ?It would be impossible to list everyone who is affected ? Taxes and charges: If organization produce harmful product then government charge high tax. Such as segregate. ?Marketable permit: every company pollution some environment. Production is impossible with out pollution. So government give some permit pollution to the environment, in this region company pay charge. Some company pollution over the limit & some company pollution under the limit. So higher pollution company spent large amount of many to buy permit from lower pollution company. So both company try reduce pollution. Tradable Pollution Permits (TPPs) are an alternative to pollution taxes. In 1994, the United States government inaugurated a program to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by requiring that companies have a permit for each ton of sulfur dioxide they emit. Companies were allocated TPPs based on their historical level of sulfur dioxide emissions. The program allows TPPs to be bought and sold among the companies. Therefore, a company can invest in scrubbers or use more expensive low sulfur coal to reduce its sulfur dioxide emissions and then sell its excess permits, offsetting part of the cost of reducing the pollution. ?Grants or Subsidies: It is a different strategy by government. Some people are not able to pay pollution charge. Such as farmer, so government pay many to reduce pollution. ?Regulation and anti monopoly legislation: To force organizes to address negative externalities is by regulation usually by imposing a set of legal obligations upon organization. Benefit ?Easier to administer. ?It can be applied to change the way goods are produced in order to reduce the amount of pollution. ?Regulation can promote business activity. Problem ?This low are not equal all person. ?It measure is very difficult. How many environments is polluted. 4. 5 Strategy taken by the organization Non-compliance: Organization produce product own style not follow the government rule & regulation. ?Compliance: Produce products obey government rule & regulation. Only polluted permit limit. ?Compliance plus: Pollution environment bellow the permit limit. ?Commercial and environmental excellence: Organization produce environment friendly product and every strategy taken by environ ment friendly. ?Leading edge: You are not only produce environment friendly product but also encourage other competitor prevent environment pollution. 4. 5. 1 which strategy taken by the Rohimafrooz Company This strategy taken depend on Five condition ?Stable context: Customer are not aware about environment pollution. For example, Afgwnstan. They are taken non-compliance rule. ?Reactive Context: Some group of people aware of the environment rule and regulation. For example, Bangladesh. They are taken compliance rule. ?Anticipative Context: Consumer are more aware the environment pollution. For example, India. They are take compliance plan rule. ?Proactive Context: This stage consumer are called view consumer. They are paying extra money to buy environment friendly product. For example, Nuzusland. They take commercial rule. Creative Context: Every body wont to buy environment friendly product. But nobody produce environment friendly product. Then you produce environment friendly product. They take `1Leding edge rule. So Rohimafrooz Company takes compliance strategy for produce product and service. 4. 6 Rohimafrooz Company Effect Environment: 4. 6. 1 Negatives side: Already Rohimafrooz c ompany pollution some environment: ?This company use Acid for making IPS & battery. This Acid mixed the air and pollution the environment. ?They are use oil. When barn oil pollution the environment and this company through rabbis bure conga. As a result water are pollution. When water is pollution then Planked, Fish, Bird, distorted. As a result this problem supper the people. The oil penetrates up the structure of the plumage of birds, reducing its insulating ability, and so making the birds more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. It also impairs birds’ flight abilities to forage and escape from predators. As they attempt to preen, birds typically ingest oil that covers their feathers, causing kidney damage, altered liver function, and digestive tract irritation. This and the limited foraging ability quickly causes dehydration and metabolic imbalances. Hormonal balance alteration including changes in luteinizing protein can also result in some birds exposed to petroleum. [4] Most birds affected by an oil spill die unless there is human intervention. [5][6] Marine mammals exposed to oil spills are affected in similar ways as seabirds. Oil coats the fur of Sea otters and seals, reducing its insulation abilities and leading to body temperature fluctuations and hypothermia. Ingestion of the oil causes dehydration and impaired digestions. Because oil floats on top of water, less sunlight penetrates into the water, limiting the photosynthesis of marine plants and phytoplankton. This, as well as decreasing the fauna populations, affects the food chain in the ecosystem. [citation needed] There are three kinds of oil-consuming bacteria. Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Acid Producing Bacteria are anaerobic, while General Aerobic Bacteria (GAB) are aerobic. These bacteria occur naturally and will act to remove oil from an ecosystem, and their biomass will tend to replace other populations in the food chain. They use various comical such as tama, sisa etc. When it is barn this time hues amount of nicotine mixed in environment. As a result created global worming. Distorted tree and other animal. Ecosystems regenerate after a disturbance such as fire, forming mosaics of different age groups structured across a landscape. Pictured are different seral stages in forested ecosystems starting from pioneers colonizing a disturbe d site and maturing in successional stages leading to old-growth forests. The scale and dynamics of time and space must be carefully considered when describing ecological phenomena. 9] In reference to time, it can take thousands of years for ecological processes to mature. The life-span of a tree, for example, can include different successional or seral stages leading to mature old-growth forests. The ecological process is extended even further through time as trees topple over, decay and provide critical habitat as nurse logs or coarse woody debris. In reference to space, the area of an ecosystem can vary greatly from tiny to vast. For example, a single tree is of smaller consequence to the classification of a forest ecosystem, but it is of larger consequence to smaller organisms. 10] Several generations of an aphid population, for example, might exist on a single leaf. Inside each of those aphids exist diverse communities of bacteria. [11] Tree growth is, in turn, related to local site variables, such as soil type, moisture content, slope of the land, and forest canopy closure. However, more complex global factors, such as climate, must be considered for the classification and understanding of processes leading to larger patterns spanning across a forested landscape. [12] 4. 6. 2 Positive side: recently this company take some stop to prevent environment. Such as publics awareness of tree plantation, prevent west of electric etc. And human live make easy. This company try to produce environment friendly product. 4. 7 Future Plan of Rohimafrooz: In order to realize the vision of the gov. to provide electricity to most pf the population at reasonable price and to a achieve over all ecological development. They find alternative row material which are not pollution the environment. They take sort term, long term plan to prevent environment pollution. They are thinking, how many amount are pollution environment every years. This amount of oxygen are produce. And They try to make green organization in the future. PART: FIVE Recommendation 5. 1 Recommendation of â€Å"RAHIMAFROOZ† ?They can spend money for tree plantation. ?They can reduce green houses gases. ?Produce environment friendly product. 5. 2 Overall Recommendation on Report When an issue is detected, there are generally six ways of responding to them: ? opposition strategy – try to influence the environmental forces so as to negate their impact – this is only successful where you have some control over the environmental variable in question ? daptation strategy – adapt your marketing plan to the new environmental conditions ? offensive strategy – try to turn the new influence into an advantage – quick response can give you a competitive advantage ? redeployment strategy – redeploy your assets into another industry ? contingency strategies – determine a broad range of possible reactions â⠂¬â€œ find substitutes ? passive strategy – no response – study the situation further PART: SIX CONCLUSION It is the time of competition. If a company wants to exist in this competition then they have to concern about their environment. They are part of our environment, so they are responsible for any kind of pollution. There is no fixed strategy to win this situation. But in every situation they have to think about their environment. Today consumers are aware buying the environment pollution product. So always try to produce environment friendly product then this company most be success in the future. PART: SEVEN 7. 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY The Business Environment by Ian Brooks & Jamie Weatherston. www. rahimafroozbangladeshlimited. com www. wikipedia. com Mr. Mirajul Karim, Deler of Rohamafrooz Library study. 7. 2 Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use any IPS & battery A. Yes B. No 2. How is the IPS & battery market in Bangladesh . Ans: 3. In which sector IPS & battery commonly use. Ans: 4. Do you feel that IPS replace generator considering the about questions A. Yes B. No 5. What is your opinion about the IPS & battery use. A. Good B. Bad C. Problematic D. No comment 6. Which company do you prefer most. A. Rahamafrooze B. Singer C. Novana D. TCL E. Other 7. What is IPS / Battery bad side. Ans:

Human Resources Management

Questions 1. What should be the format and final form of the store manager’s job description? There is no standard format as to what should be included in the job description of store manager but most job descriptions cover the following sections †¢ Job identification †¢ Job summary †¢ Responsibilities and Duties †¢ Authority of incumbent †¢ Standards of performance †¢ Working conditions †¢ Job specification 2. Is it practical to specify standards and procedures in the body of the job description, or should these be kept separate?Not all the standards and procedures are important to mention in the body of job description except the ones that are relevant and important for the applicants to know i. e. Performance and Competency standards. Note: It depends upon the type of job under discussion as to what sort of standards to include. 3. How should Jennifer go about collecting the information required for the standards, procedures and job descri ption?First of all Jennifer should conduct a complete job analysis for the job of store manager and she should also check out existing policies and procedures of the company in place, then she should use one or more of the following methods for collecting information about Standards, Procedures and Job description for the job of Store Manager. †¢ The Interview †¢ Questionnaire †¢ Observation †¢ Participant Diary/ Logs In addition to these basic methods Jennifer Carter can also use these Quantitative techniques as well for measuring job description of store manager Position analysis questionnaire †¢ Department of labor procedures †¢ Functional job analysis 4. What, in your opinion should the store manager’s job description look like and contain? The Sore manager’s job description should look like and contain the following things. Carter Cleaning Center Store Manager Job Description |Title |2025 Store Manager | |Department(s) |Cleaning | |Re ports to |President (Jennifer Carter) | Job summaryThe store manager is responsible for directing all store activities in such a way that quality work is produced, customer relations and sales are maximized and profitability is maintained through effective control of labor supply and energy costs Summary of essential job functions In accomplishing the general aim the store manager’s duties and responsibilities are †¢ Quality control †¢ Store appearance and cleanliness †¢ Customer relations †¢ Bookkeeping and cash management †¢ Cost control and productivity †¢ Damage control †¢ Pricing †¢ Inventory control †¢ Spotting and cleaning Machine maintenance †¢ Purchasing †¢ Employee safety †¢ Hazardous waste removal †¢ Humane resource administration †¢ Pest control Knowledge, skills and abilities (The knowledge, skills and attitudes required for satisfactory job performance) Knowledge The incumbent must have profic ient knowledge in the following areas: †¢ Cusomer service †¢ Accounts payable accounts receivables †¢ Store and motel management and administration Skills The incumbent must demonstrate the following skills: Personal Attributes The incumbent must also demonstrate the following personal attributes: be honest and trustworthy †¢ possess cultural awarenes and senstivity The Store Manager would normally attain the required knowledge, skills and attitudes through related in experience in a retail setting. Equivalencies will be considered. Disclaimer The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this classification. They are not to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required of personnel so classified.All personnel may be required to perform duties outside of their normal responsibilities from time to time, as needed. Additional information |HR use only | |Job code | | |Generic title | | |Pay grade | | |Management? (Yes/No) | | |E/NE status | | |Last revised | | ———————– †¢ excellent customer service and interpersonal skills †¢ effective verbal and listening communications skills †¢ effective written communications skills †¢ decision making skills †¢ time management skills †¢ analytical and problem solving skills †¢

Maintenance and Reversal of Anaesthesia Essay Example

Maintenance and Reversal of Anaesthesia Essay Example Maintenance and Reversal of Anaesthesia Essay Maintenance and Reversal of Anaesthesia Essay Maintenance and reversal of General Anaesthesia Effects of IV drugs used for induction of anaesthesia wears off after a few minutes and unconsciousness must still be maintained. This is achieved either through inhalational anaesthesia or IV infusion of a drug. i) Inhalational Anaesthesia Patient must receive a sufficient concentration of oxygen to prevent hypoxia, sufficient concentration of anaesthetic drug to ensure consciousness and sufficient flow of fresh gases to prevent hypercarbia. The anaesthetic drug used is maintained at an appropriate end-tidal concentration depending upon the patient, the surgical stimulus and concurrent use of analgesic drugs. In spontaneously breathing patients, inadequate anaesthesia for the intensity of the surgical stimulus results in an increased respiratory rate, reflex activity, increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This results in an increment of the anaesthetic drug concentration. In patients who are given neuromuscular blocking drugs and is ventilated, anaesthetists must anticipate the need for changes in the depth of anaesthesia as there might be a possibility that the depth of anaesthesia is inadequate and the patient is aware but unable to communicate this. ii) TIVA using propofol In this technique, appropriate brain concentration of propofol must be achieved and maintained to prevent awareness and respond to the surgery. This is done by giving the usual IV induction dose, followed by maintenance using a microprocessor controlled infusion pump. This is more reliable as it calculates the rate of infusion required to achieve a constant plasma concentration. Propofol can be used alone but it is always combined with IV opioids to prevent cardiovascular side-effects. Advantages of TIVA is the toxic effect of inhalational anaesthetics are avoided and better quality of recovery is claimed. Disadvantage is it may cause profound hypotension. Reversal of General Anaesthesia The two main priorities of reversal is the recovery of consciousness and maintenance of a patent airway. After surgery, the vapourizer will be turned off to eliminate the inhaled anaesthetic. If a circle system is used, then to speed up elimination of the anaesthetic, flow of oxygen is increased up to 10-15 L/min. There are two options in removing the ventilator is: a) Removing the tube while unconscious but there will be a high risk of gastric aspiration and may result in airway obstruction. ) Leaving the tube in place and wait for the patient to become fully conscious and remove it and quickly give oxygen supply to prevent hypoxic state. If necessary, before removing the tube, neostigmine can be given along with glycopyrrolate. This is to antagonize the effect of neuromuscular block given and block the unwanted muscarinic effects of neostigmine. The aim is to restore spontaneous ventilation before removal of the tracheal tube.

Eight exciting careers for the world traveler

Eight exciting careers for the world traveler Working eight hours every day behind a desk isn’t for everyone. If you love traveling and are tired of spending all your paid time off and hard-earned money on only traveling once or twice a year, consider finding a job that gives you the freedom to travel the world. Here are eight jobs for the world traveler:1. Cruise line workerCruise ship jobs are a travel lover’s dream gig. You get paid to travel the world and interact with people of different cultural backgrounds. As if that doesn’t sound amazing enough, you’ll receive free food and accommodation while collecting a salary.These floating resorts offer plenty of opportunities for individuals of all backgrounds. You can be a restaurant server, a cook, bartender, an entertainment director or a performer in the cruise’s entertainment lineup.2. International tour guideBecoming a tour manager or a tour guide is one of the most rewarding and exciting ways to travel the world. You get to learn about the history and culture of different countries while sharing your love of travel with like-minded individuals.Wherever you want to go, there are plenty of travel destinations that are always in need of friendly, knowledgeable guides. With tour guiding, you’ll get to travel to fabulous vacation spots while getting paid. What’s more, if you’re good at it, you may get good tips, making your salary very competitive.3. Travel agentIn the age of the Internet where you can easily search and book flights and vacation packages online, you may think that the professional travel agent is a dead career. While it’s predicted that there will be a decline in this job over the next decade, it’s still a rewarding occupation for travel lovers.Travel agents work with resorts, cruise lines, airlines, and rental companies to secure travel arrangements for their clients. This means you’ll regularly go on free trips to luxury resorts sponsored by resorts or travel co mpanies. The nice thing about becoming a travel agent is that you don’t have to pass an exam to prove that you know your stuff. While there are no real required skills, it’s useful to know basic things like geography and history and stay on top of the latest news at different destinations.4. TEFL teacherTeaching English abroad is just as rewarding for you as it is for your students. You’ll get to help students acquire one of the most sought-after skills in the world (speaking English) while immersing yourself in the country’s culture.Jobs are in abundance, but you may need a bachelor’s degree, TEFL training, TEFL certification, and some teaching experience. If you’re thinking about what countries to teach English abroad, Thailand is one of the most popular TEFL destinations you may want to consider. Other top TEFL teaching destinations to consider are Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Dubai, and Taiwan.5. Au pairBeing an au pair is one of the oldest an d most famous travel jobs. If you work well with children, consider taking up an au pair job. An au pair works for a host family in a foreign country and provides childcare services. Alongside childcare, you may help out with light household chores.You’ll receive free board and lodging as well as pocket money. Although the salary may be relatively low, you’ll get to immerse yourself in another culture as an extended member of the host family.6. PhotographerIf you’re skilled with a camera, you can turn your photographs into cash while traveling the world. As a travel photographer, you’ll be required to capture a variety of sites and events including destination hotels and resorts, outdoor adventures, scenery, cultures, local events, and customs.You can choose to become a full-time photographer and work for a company or as a freelancer. Either way, you will travel the world while making money.7. Website designerWe live in an exciting time where anyone can m ake a living online. Becoming a web designer is one of the occupations with oodles of potential and scope for employment. And, starting your web design journey in the field is easy – just choose a development specialization like JavaScript frameworks, HTML or CSS, get essential coding skills and launch an online portfolio.8. Flight attendantThis is the most obvious jobs that involve travelling the world. It doesn’t require a degree but the requirements may vary from one airline to another. Most major airlines require prior customer service experience and a certification from a relevant aviation agency. Some airlines may require you to be able to stand on your feet for extended periods of time and reach the overhead bins.Worth mentioning is that the work isn’t easy and the hours are frequently erratic. However, you’ll get the opportunity to travel around the world. Plus, you’ll get free or discounted flights for you and your family.These eight jobs will enable you to explore the world while making money and building your career. Just be sure to choose one that’s fit for you.About the Author: Riya is an inspired writer writing in several areas of expertise. With spending her years working marketing communication, Riya is delighted to work with aspiring small business owners. Connect with Riya on Twitter, @sanderriya.

Gobal Financial Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gobal Financial Investment - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the first option available to the UAL, Inc. is to borrow the required investment amount of $500 million in the local currency that is US Dollars. At the initiating stage of the loan agreement, the company has to pay an underwriting fee of 0.5% of the total principal amount and therefore, it is added to the cost of borrowing. This option does not involve in exchange rate risk, however, there is surely an element of the change in the inflation rate which could affect the time value of the currency over a period of 10 lean years. However, this element has been ignored for this report. The company can borrow $500 million at a rate of 11% with two semiannual interest payments due in June and December every year. This implies that the rate which is quoted annually needs to be adjusted for semiannual payments and the number of payment periods will also be adjusted for the same reason. The interest rate adjusted will be 11% divided by 2 which is equal to 5.5% of t he total principal amount to be paid semiannually. The total number of payment periods will, therefore, be 20 as the loan period is for 10 years. Moreover, there are no principal repayments during the 10 years tenure and the whole amount of $500 million is to be settled at the end of the loan term. By placing the available information in the following table and calculating the future value it can be ascertained that the future value of borrowing under this option is $1,458,878,745. This value will be compared with the future value obtained under the second option. The second option available to the company is to borrow $500 million denominated in Japanese Yen from the leading Japanese Bank. The current exchange rate between US Dollars and Japanese Yen is at 250 which will result in borrowing of JPY 125 billion at an annual interest rate of 5%. Since the interest payments are semiannual therefore this rate has to be adjusted along with the number of payment periods as in the previous option.

King Lear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

King Lear - Essay Example Lear inherited and perceived bad and good traits from both of them. The story of King Lear teaches us that the attaching of excessive importance to things in the material world causes passions and suffering. At the beginning the bad overwhelms in Lear’s character. We see Lear-despot. On the one hand his despotism origins from the feudal prerogative of a monarch. On the other one, being an outstanding person, surrounded by universal admiration, he gets a false idea that his royal dignity rests upon his personal superiority. Like the rest of the characters, Lear possesses a highly developed individualistic consciousness, which is a feature of the new psychology. Unfortunately, this awareness of personal dignity acquires one-sided, egoistic character, which reveals itself in excessively high estimation of the self, reaching the utmost degree of self-adoration. This feature was born by the social structure itself, where everybody praised his greatness, where everything seemed to happen according to his will. Believing that it is his personality that mattered, Lear loses his common sense and resigns his throne, sure that people won’t stop tremble for him. This crazy belief make s him hand the kingdom to his daughters, become a man without a title and experience all the woes associated with human life. In the course of the play we see, however, that Lear continues clutching at his feudal dignity. The perception of his being a king has strong roots in him and the habit of commanding the others does not leave him even when he, rejected and abandoned, wanders in the field. In delirium, he cries: â€Å"No, they cannot touch me for coining; I am the king himself†; â€Å"Ay, every inch a king: When I do stare, see how the subject quakes† (IV, 6). His insanity lies in the fact hat he continues considering himself the king, the man standing above the rest, while the enlightment will come as he sees his