Sunday, May 24, 2020
How the Deaf Communicate in a Hearing World Essay
Imagine what life would be like with the inability to hear. Try to envision watching television without sound or watching an inaudible movie. There is a silence that has way of making the busiest scenes seem still. Now try to imagine a lively area filled with lots of laughter, roaring music, and a handful of birds chirping away. That imagery paints a scene of the plain difference between a hearing world and a deaf one. One world is capable of hearing and the other involves no incoming source of sound whatsoever. Understanding how deaf culture and how the hard of hearing work and live is important in order to comprehend the reasons behind why they do the certain things they do such as stare at others for a long period of time or the reason†¦show more content†¦They did not know how to react to the deaf that is until Plato, a Greek philosopher, wrote on the account of sign language in Ancient Greece which then resulted in a spark in the interests of other philosophers, writers , and artists (Mirzoeff). On the other hand, Aristotle, another Greek philosopher, who has been known as one who first recorded a claim about the deaf, theorized that people were only able to learn languages if the spoken language was heard implying that deaf people were unable to learn effectively or at all and may as well be uneducated (Jay). It is important to know and realize that the cause of deafness was not just because of genetics, but because of diseases which then resulted in the side effect of hearing loss (Mirzoeff). Meningitis, measles, or mumps were common diseases that would cause the loss of hearing back in the early modern period (Mirzoeff). In past times, an issue that occurred most often was how to respond to the deaf in terms of education. They most certainly were not able to hear which meant that they also would not be able to speak clearly or at all; many questioned how they would be able to comprehend others or communicate with them in that kind of setting. There were little to no schools that educated deaf children until Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, a man with great intellect, decided that what he wanted do in life was to contribute to the deaf world (â€Å"Thomas H. Gallaudet†). Gallaudet, founder of GallaudetShow MoreRelated Teachers Options Essay1716 Words  | 7 Pagesteachers of deaf children in a variety of situations. In teaching deaf and hard of hearing children there is such a wide range of children, each with their own abilities. Each child also has a different family situation to take into account. Some children come from deaf families, some they are the only deaf family member, and some have no support from their families because they are deaf. There are also students that have family members that make an effort to learn how to best communicate with themRead MoreThe Acronym For A Child Of A Deaf Adult1561 Words  | 7 Pagesof A Deaf Adult. A person who was raised by one or more deaf parents or guardians. CODA’s have to learn how to grow up at a very early age. These children often serve as interpreters for their parents, thus becoming the communication link between their parents and the hearing world. Many feel the frustrating need to interpret for their parents because they had no choice. Without them interpreting, their parents would not be included in the surrounding environments. CODAs not only learn how to communicateRead MoreThe Communication Barriers Of Deaf People972 Words  | 4 PagesOur world has changed so much, especially for Deaf people. Less than a century ago, the ability to text and email weren’t available, and communication between Deaf and hearing people seemed much harder. Deaf people became weary of interactions with hearing people, for fear of being scammed or cheated. People who were hearing and knew sign language were sparse. Love Is Never Silent shows the communication barriers and how, for a Deaf couple, they relied on their hearing daughter to be their ears inRead MoreA Journey Into The Deaf World Essay985 Words  | 4 Pagesbook â€Å"A Journey into the Deaf-World†, by Harlan Lane, Robert Hoffmeister, and Ben Bahan, is about the different people who are considered deaf: hard-of-hearing, deaf, and CODA. People who are hard-of-hearing are people who don t hear well; people who are deaf lack the power of hearing since birth; you can be born hearing and throughout time lose some or all of your hearing sense. People who are CODA (children of deaf adults) are often signing because their parents are deaf and CODA’s often are helpfulRead MoreInside Deaf Culture, By Carol Padden And Tom Hump hries1228 Words  | 5 PagesThroughout the world, there are many different cultures that play a variety of roles in various communities. In the 1980s, many people began to recognize Deaf culture and the unification of the Deaf community. Language plays an essential role in the development and unification of a culture or nation. Through the use of American Sign Language (ASL), a new type of culture emerged that embraced the Deaf community. According to Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, in their novel, Inside Deaf Culture, â€Å"We usedRead MoreEssay On Giving A Voice To Those Who Are Deaf929 Words  | 4 PagesGiving a Voice to Those Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing What is the purpose of this project? Provide a summary of what will be accomplished and who will benefit. The main purpose of this project is to educate community members, service providers and coordinators on the use of basic American Sign Language (ASL). This will be accomplished through a community based training that will teach the basics of the ASL language and usage. This is a valuable course that will benefit the entire communityRead MoreInclusion Of The Deaf Counseling Center886 Words  | 4 Pages In reviewing several videos from the Deaf Counseling Center, I have the utmost respect for counselors who are in training to learn ASL and have a desire to work with individuals with hearing loss. Honestly, I was struggling in watching the interpreter sign what she wants to express about psychotherapy, and the counseling process for individuals with a hearing loss. I found out as an upcoming vocational rehabilitation counselor having difficulty finding signs for simple words or interpretationRead MoreFinal Exam Questions : 139 Deaf Culture1172 Words  | 5 PagesFinal Exam Questions-CDDS 139 Deaf Culture 2. Describe the ways in which Deaf culture is different from American culture in terms of communication and sharing of information. Deaf culture is different from American culture in a variety of ways. First off, the way these two cultures communicate is quite different. In Deaf culture, individuals communicate using ASL while in American culture individuals communicate mainly in English. Secondly, American culture is an individualist culture where sharingRead MoreDeaf Again By Mark Drolsbaugh Essay1560 Words  | 7 PagesIn Mark Drolsbaugh’s educational and witty autobiography â€Å"Deaf Again†, he describes his journey as a child born to deaf parents, losing his own hearing in his childhood, and navigating both hearing and deaf worlds while trying to discover his identity. In the first chapter, Drolsbaugh tells the story of his own childbirth. His mother Sherry’s childbirth experience was traumatic, to say the very least. Her needs and comfort were disregarded repeatedly by doctors and nurses alike, simply because theyRead MoreReview Of Wonderstruck By Brian Selznick Essay1508 Words  | 7 Pagesfiguring out exactly how the two protagonists and stories are connected. However, it is apparent that one characteristic both protagonists share is that they are deaf. They are also both wishing for better lives and the sense of belonging. The first story is about a 12 year old boy named Ben. His story starts in Gunflint Lake, Minnesota in June 1977. He is grieving the death of his mother and is longing to find his father. Ben was born deaf in one ear but later loses his hearing completely after a
Monday, May 18, 2020
A Historical Analysis of Liberalism and Conservatism...
Throughout its one-hundred-year history, political science has focused on many theories on international politics. Three majors types of political theories typically discussed are liberal, realist, and Marxist. However, what many political scientists fail to take into context is the often changing electorate and the paradoxes usually associated with the electorate. In recent decades, the electorate’s shifts in ideological taste, particularly from a conservative president, for example President George W. Bush, to a liberal president, President Barack Obama, in one election cycle, have become increasingly important as the political climate becomes more politicized and compromises become harder to reach on many issues, especially foreign†¦show more content†¦However, political scientists have failed to take into account the significant electoral shifts in taste from one side of the political spectrum towards another, even when the majority of the electorate self-identifi ed with the opposite side, for instance a conservative supporting liberal ideals. Essentially, some Americans have not supported the ideals typically held by a doctrine that is opposite to their own ideology. For example, many liberals in America today believe in a political theory called â€Å"liberal theory.†Michael Freeden describes liberal theory during the post World War Two Nuremburg Trials, when the theory began to catch on, as containing â€Å"features of sociability and group and of group dynamics†(Freeden 10). Liberal theory consists of countries coming and working together, like in the Trials, to limit human war and catastrophe, and the help each other. Even though many liberals believed this theory, this is not how liberals started out. Both Woodrow Wilson and Truman went against liberal theory. Wilson brought America into World War 1 and Truman dropped two nuclear bombs. Then these two Presidents realign themselves with their own personal ideology when t hey both proposed the League of Nations or what Truman proposed, the UN. Liberal theory became big during Vietnam War, and another paradox became apparent as well. President Johnson’s expansionShow MoreRelatedPolitical Feminism And Marx s Theory Versus Liberalism2513 Words  | 11 Pages What role does liberalism play in socio-legal theory? How do the theories you’ve chosen address law’s liberalism? Natural law, Legal Feminism and Marx’s theory versus Liberalism. â€Æ' What role does liberalism play in socio-legal theory? Liberalism is a theory where the rule of law is based on principles of equality and freedom. The first principles for this theory came from the classical liberalism while the latter principles known are more obvious in social liberalism. The first liberals embracedRead MoreCritical Theorist By Robert Cox1895 Words  | 8 Pages economic and social conditions of that theorist’s time. It is an ever-changing, somewhat interconnecting ideal that ranges vastly across the world dependent on the situation of the time. Critical theorists like Robert Cox, who have shook the International Relations world base their arguments around their striking and complex thinking deriving from history, philosophy and geopolitics. He does this in order to clarify how politics is forever intertwined with economics, how theory is always linkedRead MoreConcepts of State, Politics, Government, Governance and Administration2249 Words  | 9 PagesPolitics arises when people living together in associ ations and which involve conflicts, and subject to some kind of power, ruler-ship and/or authority. - According to Froman, It is the distribution of advantages and disadvantages among people through interaction with each other to satisfy their different wants and needs. SCIENCE - From the Latin scientia meaning knowledge, it is the systematic way of gaining knowledge thru scientific methods, and a body of knowledge gained thruRead MoreThe Distinct Characteristics of Fascism and Prominant Fascist Leaders2934 Words  | 12 Pagesderived from the Italian word fasces which mean a bundle of rods with an axe-blade protruding. This signifies the authority of magistrates in Imperial Rome. Generally, fascism is one of the political ideologies among many others such as liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism, nationalism, fascism, ecologism, religious fundamentalism and multiculturalism. To paint a clearer picture, an ideology, as stated by McLellan (1995) is the most elusive concept in the whole of the social sciences.Read MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words  | 21 Pages1930 s. 10. ’98 Discuss how Renaissance ideas are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. 11. ’99 Machiavelli suggested that a ruler should behave both â€Å"like a lion†and â€Å"like a fox†. Analyze the policies of TWO of the following European rulers, indicating the degree to which they successfully followed Machiavelli’s suggestion. Choose two: Elizabeth I of England Henry IV of France Catherine the Great of Russia FrederickRead MoreAn Illustration of State-Society Relations in Turkey Essay examples4296 Words  | 18 Pagesfurther to argue that modernisation would mean â€Å"dispensing with religion altogether in the name of modern reason and an emancipated society†(ibid). Such approaches were instrumental to the Kemalist project of Westernisation of Turkish society. Historical background However, notions of the secular and the modern did not emerge with Mustafa Kemal. The modernisation tide began well before his rise to power. Already in the 19th century, Ottoman elites realised the need for reform to address nationalismRead MoreEssay on McCarthyism and the Conservative Political Climate of Today6203 Words  | 25 Pagesjobs or banning communist speakers or books.[2] But over the past several years, increasing numbers of historians, writers and intellectuals have sought to minimize, explain away and justify McCarthyism. A spate of books and articles touting new historical evidence has tried to demonstrate that communism posed a real danger to American society in the 1940s and 1950s. They argue that even if some innocent people suffered and McCarthy was reckless, he was responding to a real threat.[3] As a resultRead MoreUsa Furniture Manufacturing Industry8030 Words  | 33 Pagesregards to local manufacturing industry, imports and consumer changing perception s within the United States. Finally considerations such as regionalism, e commerce and international terrorism and the impact on global expansion Contents Page 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Reasoning for considering Globalisation of Adorn 4 2 Analysis of Globalisation 4 2.1 GDP 5 2.2 Demographic Trends 6 2.2.1 Population 6 2.2.2 Culture 6 2.3 Proposed Country 6 3 The United States 7 3.1 P.E.S.TRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words  | 75 Pages.........................................................................3 Framework to understand History of Social Welfare / Social Work ..............................................................................4 Understanding History through Historical Phases .......................................................................................................5 Photos of Walter Friedlander Simon Patten 9who used the term social work first time) ....................................9 TheRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words  | 922 Pagesstrongly recommend it to anyone seriously interested in the different intellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I
Thursday, May 14, 2020
French Compound Tenses and Moods
Conjugations for the different French verb tenses and moods can be divided into two categories: simple and compound. Simple tenses and moods have only one part (e.g., je vais) whereas compound tenses and moods have two (je suis allà ©). This lesson will explain everything you need to know about the more complicated compound conjugations.But first, a chart: the simple tense or mood on the left is used to conjugate the auxiliary verb for the compound tense or mood on the right, as demonstrated with the verb avoir (to have). Simple Compound Present tu as (you have) Pass compos tu as eu (you have had) Imperfect tu avais (you were having) Pluperfect tu avais eu (you had had) Pass simple tu eus (you had) Past anterior tu eus eu (you had had) Future tu auras (you will have) Future perfect tu auras eu (you will have had) Conditional tu aurais (you would have) Conditional perfect tu aurais eu (you would have had) Subjunctive tu aies (you have) Past subjunctive tu aies eu (you had) Imperfect subjunctive tu eusses (you were having) Pluperfect subjunctive tu eusses eu (you had had) Imperative (tu) aie ([you] have) Past imperative (tu) aie eu ([you] have had) Present participle ayant (having) Perfect participle ayant eu (having had) Infinitive avoir (to have) Past infinitive avoir eu (to have had) Please note that I have provided (English translations) to give you an idea about the differences in meaning, but there may be other possibilities. For detailed information about each tense and mood, click the links to read the lesson. You might also find this lesson helpful: Translating French verbs into English. See other French verbs conjugated into all the tenses and moods: Simple Compound aller aller avoir avoir tre tre prendre prendre There are four things you need to know about French compound tenses and moods in order to conjugate and use them correctly. 1. Two-part conjugations Compound tenses/moods are always made up of two parts: the conjugated auxiliary verb (either avoir or à ªtre) and the past participle. French verbs are classified by their auxiliary verb, and use it for all compound moods/tenses. That is, avoir verbs use avoir in all of the compound tenses/moods, and à ªtre verbs use à ªtre in all the compound tenses/moods.In the chart on page 1, the tense/mood in the first column is the conjugation used for the auxiliary verb of the compound tense/mood listed in the second column.For example, aller is an à ªtre verb. So the present tense of à ªtre, Il est, is the conjugation used for the passà © composà © of aller: Il est allà ©Ã‚ (He went).Manger is an avoir verb. The future of avoir, Nous aurons, is the conjugation for the future perfect, Nous aurons mangà ©Ã‚ (We will have eaten). 2. Agreement There are two different types of agreement with compound tenses and moods, depending on whether youre dealing with à ªtre verbs or avoir verbs.Être verbs: In all compound tenses/moods, the past participle of à ªtre verbs has to agree with the subject of the sentence in gender and number.   Il est allà ©.   He went.   Elle à ©tait allà ©e.   She had gone.    Ils seront allà ©s.   They will have gone.   ...quelles soient allà ©es.   ...that they went.Avoir verbs: The past participle of avoir verbs that are preceded by a direct object must agree with the direct object*   Les livres que tu as commandà ©s sont ici.   The books that you ordered are here.   La pomme ? Je laurai mangà ©e.   The apple? I will have eaten it.    Mes sÅ“urs... vous les aviez vues ?   My sisters... had you seen them?*Except for ve rbs of perception and the causative.When the direct object follows the avoir verb, there is no agreement.   As-tu commandà © des livres ?   Did you order some books?   Jaurai mangà © la pomme.   I will have eaten the apple.    Aviez-vous vu mes sÅ“urs ?   Had you seen my sisters?There is no agreement with indirect objects.   Je leur ai parlà ©.   I talked to them.   Il nous a tà ©là ©phonà ©.   He called us.Learn more about agreement 3. Word order: Pronouns Object, reflexive, and adverbial pronouns always precede the auxiliary verb in compound tenses/moods:    Je te lai donnà ©.   I gave it to you.   Il lavait fait.   He had done it.    Nous y serons allà ©s.   We will have gone there. 4. Word order: Negation Negative structures almost always surround the auxiliary verb**    Je nai pas à ©tudià ©.   I didnt study.   Nous naurions jamais su.   We would have never known.**Exceptions:   a) In the past infinitive, both parts of the negation precede the auxiliary verb:       Jespà ¨re ne pas avoir perdu.      I hope I didnt lose.   b) Personne, aucun, and nulle part follow the past participle:      Je nai vu personne.      I didnt see anyone.      Je ne lai trouvà © nulle part.      I couldnt find it anywhere. 34. Word order with pronouns and negation When the sentence includes a pronoun and negation, the pronoun is placed in front of the auxiliary verb, and then the negative structure surrounds that pair:Subject  ne pronoun(s) auxiliary verb negative word past participle.   Nous ny serions jamais allà ©s.   We would never have gone there.   Je ne te lai pas donnà ©.   I didnt give it to you.For detailed information about the conjugations and uses of the individual compound tenses/moods, follow the links in the summary table on page 1. Other two-verb constructions In addition to compound conjugations (auxiliary verb past participle), French has other two-verb forms, what I call dual-verb constructions. These consist of a semi-auxiliary verb plus an infinitive, and the rules regarding agreement and word order are somewhat different - learn more. For more information about how all the different French tenses and moods fit together, take a look at our French verb timeline.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The The Song Of Roland - 1289 Words
The lives of knights depicted in the â€Å"The Song of Roland†are a demonstration of the fierce warriorship, aggressiveness, and deep faith of French Knights. A code of chivalry or gallantry existed among these men. At the top of this code of conduct were the highly regarded virtues of honor, faithfulness, courage, compassion, truth, and obedience. Noble knights prized the wares of their trade, such as fine warhorses, armory, battle skills, and fine regalia. In this epic poem, Roland and the other Knights show great obedience to their liege, King Charles. Roland volunteers for tough missions like leading the rear guard as the army made its way thru the Pyrenees Mountains. He promised the King that France would not lose any†¦show more content†¦Knights were dedicated to their God and Church. These brave men truly believed that even though the battle was not always in their favor, God is the only one who could overcome the odds. Victories are God’s way o f showing he approves of the knights mission. All things happen because God knows it will happen. Roland follows his lord and his God with complete faithfulness. â€Å"His whole sense of what a Christian knight must do is nearest to what pleases God, for it comes from God.†Many of the poems passages tell of the knights’ individual courage and their battle prowess. It seemed as though God was willing each of the French blows to be lethal and the Pagans blows to miss their mark. The warriors fought bravely no matter what the odds. They were not afraid to lead or make tactical decisions. They valued good judgment. At one point, Oliver questions whether Roland made a good decision not to call the army. At the end of the battle, as Roland lay dying, he also questioned his decision not to blow the Oliphant to alert King Charles’ Army. The poem notes that the idea of service to all is the same as service to the King. In the trial of Ganelon, they first see France as their complete realm of unity. They value their homes, families, and country. Ganelon’s treason was a threat to their France. The pagans do not identify that closely as a country. Good knights show compassion for their comrades and enemies
The United States Of America - 1756 Words
Kevin Solomon The United States of America is objectively one of the greatest countries in the world. The unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are part of the first sentence in the preamble of one of the greatest documents contrived in the nation’s short history: the Declaration of Independence (1. archives.gov). Also in that sentence is the decree that it is self-evident all men are created equal (1). While it was scribed with good intentions, it has become self-evident that all people are not created equal in the minds of many. The topics of race, gender, religion, and ethnicity spark much conflict in the realm of social inequality, but one topic that is not talked about as often as the others is that of economic inequality. Due to millions of Americans starting their adult lives saddled with debt, the prominent wealth gap already established, and many institutions being set up to prey on the money of the masses, it is quite clear that econ omic inequality is not going to decline anytime soon. Many young adults graduate high school wanting to further their education in college, must most are not in a financial position to be able to pay for it by their selves. In order to go to a university, they must take out a student loan. Student loans are burdened on to these youths at such a high rate that the total about due in student debt is greater than one trillion dollars (2. pbs.org). The debt from these loans is now higher than the debtShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of America1536 Words  | 7 PagesThe United States of America is well known throughout the world for tis democracy ant the freedoms of its citizens. Since declaring its Independence from Great Britain rule in 1776, the United States of America has undergone a continuous effort to maintain law and order. In order to create a strong federal government with a system of check and balances the Constitution was proposed and ratified. The Constitution of t he United States became the Supreme law of the land. (The Constitution) We theRead MoreThe United States Of America1317 Words  | 6 PagesThe united states of america has been in many world affairs since its creation. One of the earliest international events that can be attributed to having direct links with the Great Depression was the Manchurian Crisis of 1931. War had broken out between China and Japan, who had both suffered due to the counter measures and high tariffs set by America and Europe to combat the Great Depression. Japanese army officers in Manchuria manufactured an incident, took over the province and on their own createdRead MoreThe United States Of America995 Words  | 4 PagesThe United States of America has always been known as the home of â€Å"The American Dream†. This consists of the nice house with the family, the dog and the white picket fence. Lately, however, the country has been losing this dream. Lately the corruption of the United States o f America has taken over this dream that led so many to want to make a home in the country. Politics has become a contest of money and power. Money has come to equal power, and it shown through all elections. The Federal ElectionRead MoreThe United States Of America1551 Words  | 7 Pages The United States of America: the place that praises the â€Å" American Dream†that countless people try following but never really succeed in accomplishing because of systemic racism. It’s easy to tell people to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, but what if they don’t even have bootstraps to begin with? The American Dream is a sugar coated lie. After hundreds of years of colonization, mass genocide, racism, white supremacy†¦ It is deceptive to tell minorities that they can be as successful asRead MoreThe United States Of America1244 Words  | 5 PagesFrom Northern Pakistan to The United States of America, The Exchange Student Probably to everybody’s shock, nobody could have imagined how poorly executed the 45th’s President Executive Order shortly after it was established. Any person, who is from one of the seven designated Muslim countries in the Middle East, are not allowed the right of entry into the United States of America. People like Syrian Refuges are ban indefinitely until the 46th POTUS reverses that order, who are seeking nothing butRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1694 Words  | 7 PagesA crash in america may be coming a lot sooner than many people think. The United States of America is facing problems a lot of people are either unaware of or just dont think its a big deal. Most of america think that our economy and government is in alright financial shape, That may not be the case though. America is in bad shape and it seems to be going down hill. America is declining in world power as well and this is just another factor leading to a crash in the future. Other nati ons are growingRead MoreThe United States Of America1674 Words  | 7 PagesThe United States of America is the world largest single economy with a lot of trade activities with other nations. The country has traded with other nations for centuries hence it is an important economic partner (Jensen, Quinn Weymouth, 2015). The country normally has a lot of influence in the world trade since it serves almost all the nations worldwide. In fact, most of the trade policies that affect the whole world have been proposed by the United States of America. Moreover, the country isRead MoreThe United States Of America1354 Words  | 6 Pages The United States of America was sought out by immigrants as a place of freedom and refuge. Throughout America s short history, people from all over the world looked to America as a land of opportunity. Immigrants from Eastern European countries such as Poland, Lithuania, and Hungary poured into the United States in the mid 19th century. The large am ount of immigration from Eastern European countries to the United States between 1919 and 1924 was due not only to the opportunities of work and freedomRead MoreThe United States Of America938 Words  | 4 PagesThe United States of America is one of, if not the most developed nation in the world as of 2014. America is well-known for its freedom and opportunity it offers, which is why many individuals sought out for it. But I am not going to write about America’s many achievements and prestigious comforts. I would like to address the current situation that has been haunting America for quite some time now. In the last century, technology all around the world has undergone dramatic changes, whether it isRead MoreThe United States Of America1340 Words  | 6 PagesThe journey of how the United States of America became the United States of America is a very complex one. With America declaring separation from the Great English Empire, to the organization of becoming a free, sovereign nation and lastly, the migration and colonization of the now, western United States, including the great state of Nevada, has many components. The Declaration of Independence initiated the process of becoming a country of its own. This Document pushed the separation from England
Contributory Negligence Assumption of Risk and Duties
Question: Discuss about the Contributory Negligence for Assumption of Risk and Duties. Answer: Introduction The present case is specifically based on the claim for negligence as Tamara was going every day to Aldi supermarket to buy her favorite chocolate which she was trying to get from last few days as whenever she went all of them were sold out. But on one day when it was heavily raining she sawat the far end one last chocolate left. As a result of which she began to run towards the chocolate, slipped on a puddle of melted ice cream and broke her back. She spenta few months in hospital with overallcosts alone in addition of $700,000. So, now by using IRAC method the issue which has arouses out of this situation would be clarified and established more clearly. As Tamara made a claim againstAldi negligence for theinjuries she suffered. Whether Tamara could claim damages to be paid for her losses against Aldi Supermarkets for negligence or not? Negligence under the law of tort generally could be stated as the failure to take reasonable care either by way of an act or omission. Such an act of carelessness could take place when: An individual do not take reasonable amount of care which he should have taken which a prudent individual might take under certain situations or Have done something which a prudent individual would n9ot have done under such situations (Laws,2017). As per the ruling of Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856) negligence has been defined as the error to do something which a sensible individual who wasdirected upon those concerns which usuallycontrol the behavior of human affairs. Such individuals would also do, or was doing something which a reasonableperson would not do (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016). In Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 the modern negligence law was renowned. But it could also be affirmed that in order to make a successful claim of carelessness against the defendant, the burden of proof was applied on the applicant. As the applicant must show that: The respondent owed a duty to take reasonable care towards the applicant; Such duty which the respondent owed towards the applicant was violated; Due to the contravention of such duty the applicant suffered a harm (Bits of Law, 2013); and There was no remoteness of such injury which was caused to the applicant (Laws, 2017). Even if a claim of negligence which was made by the applicant was proved by him against the respondent by fulfilling all the essentials which were required in an act for negligence (Find Law, 2017). Then also the respondent if he knows that he has taken due care towards the protection of applicant the he could take defense against the assertion of negligence (The Law Handbook 2016, 2015). There have been two major defenses which more frequently were utilized in a claim for negligence but one of such defense was contributory negligence (Australian Government, 2017). When the individual who has suffered injury were themselves found to have contributed to such cause of their injury then such an act could be defined as contributory negligence. In Davies v Swan Motor Co [1949] 2 KB 291it was concluded thatwhile taking into consideration the question of negligence on the part of both the parties, it was not essential to prove that the act of carelessnesshave constituted a contravention of duty towards the respondent. It wasadequate enough to show lack of sensible care taken by the applicant for his own protection." For instance, if an individual slips or fall down in a store due to which he suffers an injury then he could bring a case against such store. But if such injury was caused due to her fault as being a rational individual he could have taken immense care of his own protection which he lacked so he could not upheld the store accountable for negligence. In the matter of Raad v KTP Holdings Pty Ltd as Trustee for VM KTP Nguyen Family Trust [2016] NSW 2016 it was clearly affirmed by the judges that the pace of movement of the claimant on the pathway have been a contributing factor which has resulted in his or her fall. As a result, the claim for contributory negligence was reduced to 10% of the total claim (Lexology, 2016). In another matter of Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012] HCA 5 it was held that the applicanthave tried todazed the similar hurdle in other slip and fall matters of recognizing a normal connection among the lack of a adequate cleaning system and the harm suffered by an individual, when it was not known when the slippery substance was there. So, in this case it could be observed that the day when she went to buy the chocolate was a rainy day. When she entered the supermarket she had a glance over a row where only one chocolate left which she required to buy as from the past few days she was going but all of the chocolates were sold out. So, in order to get the last bar of chocolate she thought to run fast to grab the bar and she increased her speed as she saw one person standing near to the bar. Therefore, when she was about to obtain the chocolate she broke her back as she fell down on the melted ice cream. So, it might be concluded that there was a transparent case of carelessness on the part of the supermarket as they did not clean up the ice cream which was there on the floor. But it was observed that Tamara as a sensible individual failed to take sensible concern of her own protection. As when she knew that she was all wet and could fall downthen also she ran in speed. As a result, she was found to be contributory negligent for the injurysuffered by her. At the same time it was stated by theAldi Supermarkets that they could prove that a person was employed by the store to examine the supermarket aisles and cleans up any spill every 40 minutes. So, the store claimed that they had taken reasonable care to protect the individuals. Conclusion Therefore, it would be advised to Tamara that although she could not bring a case against the store in order to claim for the whole amount for her injury but she could hold the store liable for certain amount ofinjury which was suffered by Tamara. So, it was concluded that Tamara was contributory negligent for her injuryas shehas madecontribution to her own injury. References Australian Government.(2017) Contributory Negligence, Assumption of Risk and Duties of Protection. [Online] Treasury of Australia. Available from: https://www.treasury.gov.au/ConsultationsandReviews/Reviews/2002/~/media/Treasury/Consultations%20and%20Reviews/Reviews%20and%20Inquiries/2002/Review%20of%20the%20Law%20of%20Negligence/Key%20Documents/PDF/ContribNeg.ashx [Accessed on 30/1/17] Bits of Law. (2013) Damage: Causation. [Online]Bits of Law. Available from: https://www.bitsoflaw.org/tort/negligence/study-note/degree/damage-causation-factual-legal [Accessed on 30/1/17] Find Law. (2017)Elements of a Negligence Case. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/elements-of-a-negligence-case.html [Accessed on 30/1/17] Laws. (2017) Negligence Tort At A Glance.[Online] Laws Available from: https://tort.laws.com/negligence-standard-of-conduct/negligence-tort [Accessed on 30/1/17] Laws. (2017) Negligence: Four Elements.[Online] Laws. Available from: https://negligence.laws.com/four-elements-negligence [Accessed on 30/1/17] Legal Services Commission of South Australia.(2016) Negligence.[Online] Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php [Accessed on 30/1/17] Lexology. (2016) A slip up - shopping centre liable for slip and fall on wet tiles.[Online]Lexology. Available from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=bdcef724-3c2e-482d-9d74-540bc1a44d6c [Accessed on 30/1/17] The Law Handbook 2016.(2015) Negligence and injury.[Online] The Law Handbook 2016. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/10_01_00_negligence_and_injury/ [Accessed on 30/1/17]
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Organizational Development Process of Leading Organizational
Question: Discuss about the Organizational Development for Process of Leading Organizational. Answer: Problems within the individuals, team and NCLS: The organization NCLS does not have a proper infrastructure for conducting group meetings (Anderson, 2015). There are a number of volunteers and students but the number of computers and printers is limited. Julie, the full time employee of the organization indeed had some drawbacks. Negligence in her part was noticed, as she did not receive the urgent call rather sorted the phone message which was a day old. There was no maintenance in the organization. Julie was not cool-headed and was quickly frustrated by the queries of the staff member, which showed her impatient nature. It was her duty to look into the funds for the organization yet she failed to provide proper statistics to Dylan Foundation when the staffs were already working great. Julie liked to keep the things on hold, which is reflected from the case that Jean brings to her notice. The training that was provided to the staff member was not productive as the staff members still failed to understand several matters (Austin, 2012). The organization hired law students from all specialization, which some students did not like. Different Ethical Issues to address by NCLS: The organization Northern County Legal Service (NCLS) they have arranged a meeting with the clients in a small waiting room where the AC was not working which they should have ensured prior to the meeting as it was a hot summer day. There was no provision of fan as well. The clients with prior appointment and with no appointment were made to sit together and the management was treating the appointment fixed clients first rather than those who have come early. This led to growing frustration among the clients who were waiting since the morning. This was unethical on the part NCLS and this needs to be addressed by handling the appointment fixed client and clients with no appointment separately. The running away of Christina from the small meeting room to see her parking meter without answering the clients was indecency on her part. She should have addressed the queries of the client. Possible solution to resolve the issues Though there is a financial shortages faced by the organization, Julie needs to see that the infrastructure of the organization is proper maintained on a monthly basis. The allocated funds should be used for setting up of more number of computers for the students (Leonard, 2013). Since Julie is the headed, the organization so there should not be negligence on her part. The queries of the staffs need to be resolved quickly without showing any form of frustration. She did not do the official work of maintaining statistics, which created the shortage of funds. This needs to be resolved. Julie did not take the urgent matters quite seriously and rather postponed it to a latter point of time. This type of nature should be eliminated as this might have a serious consequence. Selection of the candidate for the training must be done based on the specialization subject i.e. housing law. The training must be made more interesting with practical applications so that law students are willing to work (Shani, Pasmore, Woodman, 2012). References: Anderson, D. (2015).Organization Development: The Process Of Leading Organizational Change. London: Sage Publication. Austin, D. (2012).Human services management. New York: Columbia University Press. Leonard, H. (2013).The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change and organizational development. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell. Shani, A., Pasmore, W., Woodman, R. (2012).Research in organizational change and development. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald.
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